Osteophloeum platyspermum
| Osteophloeum platyspermum | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Osteophloeum | ||||||||||||
| Warb. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Osteophloeum platyspermum | ||||||||||||
| ( Spruce ex A.DC. ) Warb. |
Osteophloeum platyspermum is a tree in the nutmeg family. It occurs in northwestern South America to Central America . It is the only species in the genus Osteophloeum .
description
Osteophloeum platyspermum grows as a mostly evergreen tree 35–45 meters high. The trunk diameter reaches 50-85 centimeters. The rough bark is brown with flaking plates.
The simple, leathery and alternate, bald, thick leaves have short stalks. The 1.5–3 centimeter long, thick and rusty hairy petiole is slightly runny and the leaves are entire, rounded to rounded, pointed, less often indented and lanceolate to obovate. They are 8-20 inches long and 3-6.5 inches wide. The leaf margin is slightly bent and the leaves are slightly dotted underneath and somewhat waxy, "frosted". The young leaves are somewhat hairy underneath.
Osteophloeum platyspermum is dioecious dioecious . Axillary, small and racemose to paniculate , rusty hairy, later balding inflorescences are formed. The stalked, oblong, jug-shaped and unisexual flowers with a simple flower cover are threefold. They are underlaid by small, sloping bracts and a cover sheet . The approximately 4 millimeters long, three-part and fleshy perianth is green, bald and hairy on the outside. The short stamens (12-14), with large anthers, of the male flowers, are fused in a synandrium. The ovary of the slightly larger female flowers is upper constant with a sitting scar .
Leathery, two-lobed, parted and rounded, green-brownish and bald fruits are formed. They are 2.5–3.3 inches tall, with a firm, fleshy pericarp . The sculpted seed, about 2 centimeters in size with a thick seed coat, is encased in a red, smooth and elastic, slashed aril .
Taxonomy
The first description of Basionyms Myristica platysperma was made in 1857 by Alphonse de Candolle Pyrame in AP de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 695, after Richard Spruce. The reallocation in the new genus Osteophloeum to Osteophloeum platyspermum took place in 1897 by Otto Warburg in Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 68: 119, 127, 162. Other synonyms are Iryanthera krukovii A.C.Sm. and Palala platysperma (Spruce ex A.DC.) Kuntze .
There are two varieties:
- Osteophloeum platyspermum var. Platyspermum
- Osteophloeum platyspermum var. Sulcatum (Little) TSJaram. & Balslev , from Colombia and Ecuador
use
The medium-weight wood is used for some applications.
The pieces of bark mixed with the tree exudate are cooked and the brew is used as a hallucinogen . The tree sap and leaf smoke are used medicinally.
literature
- RL Camacho, MI Montero González: Manual de identificación de especies forestales con manejo certificable por comunidades. Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas SINCHI, 2005, ISBN 958-97597-4-2 , pp. 45 f.
- ISTA, Forest Tree and Shrub Seed Committee 2010–2013, online (PDF; 3.6 MB).
- William A. Rodrigues, Paul E. Berry, Gerardo A. Aymard C .: Myristicaceae. In: Flora of Venezuelan Guayana. Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 6, 2001, pp. 734-747, online at researchgate.net.
- William T. Simpson, John A. Sagoe: Relative Drying Times of 650 Tropical Woods: Estimation by Green Moisture. General Technical Report FPL-GTR 71, USDA, 1991, p. 19.
Web links
- Osteophloeum platyspermum at NYBG.
- O. platyspermum Herbario - Universidad de Panamá (pictures).
Individual evidence
- ↑ online at biodiversitylibrary.org.
- ↑ online at biodiversitylibrary.org.
- ↑ Osteophloeum platyspermum at KEW Science.
- ^ David W. Group: Encyclopedia of Mind Enhancing Foods, Drugs and Nutritional Substances. Second Edition, McFarland, 2015, ISBN 978-0-7864-4142-6 .
- ↑ James A. Duke, Rodolfo V. Martinez: Amazonian Ethnobotanical Dictionary. CRC Press, 1994, ISBN 0-8493-3664-3 , p. 127.