Green-bearded helmet hummingbird

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Green-bearded helmet hummingbird
Helmet hummingbird after John Gould

Helmet hummingbird after John Gould

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Helmet hummingbirds ( Oxypogon )
Type : Green-bearded helmet hummingbird
Scientific name
Oxypogon guerinii
( Boissonneau , 1840)

The green-bearded helmet hummingbird ( Oxypogon guerinii ) is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large range that includes the South American countries Colombia and Venezuela . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The helmet hummingbird reaches a body length of about 11.5 centimeters and has a very short, only 8 millimeter long beak. The top of the male is olive green. It has a distinctive black and white crest as a crown. It has a shaggy white beard on its chin, which is traversed by a glittering green stripe. The dark on the side of the head is triangular. A wide white to yellowish-brown collar frames the neck down to the chest. The rest of the underside looks dirty yellowish brown and has green round spots. The slightly forked tail is relatively long, with the central control feathers being olive-bronze. The outer tail feathers are predominantly white with bronze-red edges and speckles. The female looks very similar, but has no beard and comb. Overall, the plumage of the female also looks a little more dull.

distribution and habitat

The species occurs in typical Páramo landscapes at altitudes between 3200 and 5200 meters. Here she moves between grasslands and bushes.

behavior

The bird is more of a loner and prefers low bushes and the flowers of Espeletia or Polylepis when searching for nectar . Sometimes he walks on the matted grassy areas and makes short flights in search of insects. When he buzzes in front of the flowers and clings to them, he looks very active.

Subspecies

Distribution areas (green) of the helmet hummingbird: The four subspecies live in isolated areas and now have the status of independent species

Previously, four subspecies were recognized, which have now been considered as four separate species. Clear differences in plumage and morphometry led to the separation. The South American Classification Committee supports the new categorization.

In the past, the following subspecies were considered to be separate species today:

  • Oxypogon guerinii guerinii ( Boissonneau , 1840) - Occurs in the eastern Andes of Colombia to the south of the department of Cundinamarcas . Nominate form
  • Oxypogon guerinii cyanolaemus , Salvin & Godman , 1880 - Is present in northeast Colombia in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta . The stripe in the beard is lavender blue.
  • Oxypogon guerinii lindenii ( Parzudaki , 1845) - Widespread in the Andes northwest of Venezuela in the states of Méridaun Trujillo . The triangle on the head is black, the central tail feathers are shiny olive-green, the outer ones are bronze-purple. The underside is dark olive green with gray tones on the belly. The round dots on the bottom appear darker.
  • Oxypogon guerinii stuebelii A. B. Meyer , 1884 - Distribution in central Colombia near the Nevado del Ruiz volcano . The stripe in the beard is blue-orange, the outer tail feathers yellow-brown.

Etymology and history of research

The type specimen was how many collectibles from that era of Santa Fe de Bogota sent. Auguste Boissonneau described the species under the name Ornismia guerinii . It was later assigned to the genus Oxypogon . This term is derived from the ancient Greek words » ὀξύς oxýs « for »sharp, pointed« and » πώγων pṓgōn « for »beard«. The epithet devoted Boissonneau Félix Edouard Guerin Méneville , the editor of the journal Revue zoologique par la Société cuviérienne .

literature

  • Steven Leon Hilty , William Leroy Brown : A guide to the birds of Colombia . Princeton University Press, Princeton 1986, ISBN 978-0-691-08372-8 ( online [accessed May 10, 2013]).
  • Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee , William H. Phelps , Guy Tudor : A Guide to the Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, 1992, ISBN 978-0691082059 , p. 154.
  • Nigel James Collar , Paul Salaman: The taxonomic and conservation status of the Oxypogon helmetcrests . In: Conservación Colombiana . tape 19 , 2013, pp. 31–38 ( online [PDF; accessed May 10, 2014]). (English; PDF; 743 kB)
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Auguste Boissonneau: Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 3 , 1840, p. 2-8 ( online [accessed May 8, 2014]).
  • Charles Parzudaki: Nouvelle espèce d'Oiseau-Mouche . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 8 , 1845, p. 253 ( online [accessed May 8, 2014]).
  • Adolf Bernhard Meyer: About new and insufficiently known birds in the royal. Zoological Museum in Dresden . In: Journal for the entire ornithology . tape 1 , 1884, p. 193-219 ( online [accessed May 8, 2014]).
  • Osbert Salvin, Frederick DuCane Godman: On the birds of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia . In: The Ibis (=  4 ). tape 4 , 1880, p. 169–178 ( online [accessed May 8, 2014]).

Web links

Commons : Helmet Hummingbird ( Oxypogon guerinii )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  2. ↑ Nigel James Collar et al. a., p. 31ff
  3. ^ Proposal (609) to South American Classification Committee Split Oxypogon into four species
  4. ↑ a b c Auguste Boissonneau, p. 7
  5. ↑ Osbert Salvin et al. a., p. 172
  6. ^ Charles Parzudaki, p. 253
  7. ^ Adolf Bernhard Meyer, p. 204
  8. ↑ Auguste Boissonneau, p. 2
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 287