Païssi from Hilandar

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Page of Slav-Bulgarian history

Paisius of Hilendar ( Bulgarian Паисий Хилендарски , scientific transliteration Paisij Chilendarski; * 1722 in Bansko , † 1773 in Ampelino today Assenovgrad ) was a Bulgarian monk and the first known historian of his nation and one of the first activists of the Bulgarian National Revival .

Surname

Only this monk's name has been passed down from Païssi . Paisi is a Greek given name. At that time the Bulgarian Orthodox Church was subordinate to the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople . Hilandar is an epithet that indicates his affiliation to the Hilandar monastery , where he became a monk. The Bulgarian version of his name in use today is Paisij Hilendarski .

Life

Païssi was born in 1722 in Bansko in the Pirin Mountains in what is now southwestern Bulgaria . Presumably after a stay in Rila Monastery , he went to the Hilandar Monastery on Mount Athos as a monk in 1745 , where his older brother Lavrenti was abbot . After 1752 Païssi was consecrated as Hieromonachos there. He made several trips to Bulgaria to collect donations for the monastery.

In the 18th century, the monasteries of Athos were the center of intellectual life in the Christian Balkan provinces of the Ottoman Empire . Here Païssi von Hilandar, as he called himself, found a new social and cultural climate. There were also Bulgarian monks in the monasteries - among them chronicle writers , bookbinders and grammarians . The monasteries were visited by scholars, writers, travelers and historians . The ideas of European culture and education gradually penetrated to the Athos monasteries.

From 1760 he began to write his main work, the Slav-Bulgarian history . It was an essential impetus to develop one's own national consciousness (→ Bulgarian rebirth ) and ultimately led to the liberation of Bulgaria in 1878, which was occupied by the Ottomans for over half a millennium . Today the beginning of the "Bulgarian National Revival" period is equated with its Slavic-Bulgarian history .

In 1761 he was sent from the monastery to Karlowitz, which was then under Habsburg rule, to deal with estate matters. There he was able to tap additional sources for his work. From around 1764 his work was copied by hand. Païssi died in 1773 in a small village near Ampelino (today Assenowgrad ).

His work was first printed in Budapest in 1844 .

The original of the Slav-Bulgarian story is kept in the monastery of St. George . In 1985 the Bulgarian State Security managed to steal the work from the monastery and bring it to Bulgaria with the operation “Maraton”. After the fall of communism in Bulgaria, the Bulgarian President Petar Stojanow returned the original to the monastery in 1998.

Paisiy Peak , a mountain on Livingston Island in Antarctica , is named after him .

Quotes from Slavo-Bulgarian history

Note, readers and listeners, Bulgarians, who love the Bulgarian family and fatherland and have them in your heart. It is necessary and useful for you to know certainly the deeds of your fathers, your kings and your saints. It is necessary and useful for you to know the deeds of your fathers, as all other peoples know their gender, language and history ... For you I wrote what is known of your gender and your language. Read and know it so that you will not be mocked and judged by other peoples ...

I wrote for you, who love your family and the Bulgarian fatherland and want to know about your people and your language. Copy this story and have it copied ... guard it so that it is not forgotten. But some do not want to know anything about their Bulgarian people, but turn to a foreign culture and a foreign language and do not worry about their Bulgarian language, but learn to read and speak Greek and are ashamed to call themselves Bulgarians.

Oh, you unreasonable and (you) moronic, why are you ashamed to call yourself Bulgarian and do not read or speak your language in your language? As if the Bulgarians had no kingdom and no state? They ruled for many years, were glorious and famous all over the world, and many times they forced the strong Romans (Byzantines) and the wise Greeks to pay tributes ... They had rulers and kings ... Of all the Slavs, the Bulgarians were the most glorious , first they had a tsar, first they had a patriarch, first they accepted Christianity… But why are you ashamed… of your people and are drawn to a foreign language?… You have no benefit whatsoever from Greek wisdom and culture . You, Bulgarians, don't let yourself be seduced, know your people and your language and learn in your language.

Work edition

• Païssi of Chilandar: Slavo-Bulgarian History. Translated from Bulgarian, edited, commented on and with an afterword by Norbert Randow . Insel, Leipzig 1984.

literature

• 200 years of Paissi. 1762-1962. German-Bulgarian Society, Frankfurt am Main 1962.
• Richard J. Crampton: A concise history of Bulgaria. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge u. a. 1997, ISBN 0-521-56183-3 .
• Wolfgang Geier: Bulgaria between West and East from the 7th to the 20th century. Socially and historically significant epochs, events and figures (= studies by the Research Center East Central Europe at the University of Dortmund. Vol. 32). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2001, ISBN 3-447-04467-5 , pp. 135-159.
• Peter Mario Kreuter:  PAISIJ Chilendarski. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 32, Bautz, Nordhausen 2011, ISBN 978-3-88309-615-5 , Sp. 1055-1063.
• Detlef Kulman: Paisij Chilendarski, Athosmönch , in: Biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte Südosteuropas . Vol. 3. Munich 1979, p. 381 f.

Web links

Commons : Païssi von Hilandar  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Slav-Bulgarian history: facsimile pages on the Kodeks server
• Copy from 1765 of the "Slavenobolgarska Istorija"
• The work www.slovo.bg of Païssi in Literature Portal
• Великите българи-Паисий Хилендарски - Paisii Hilendarski (Bulgarian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Roumen Daskalov: The Making of a Nation in the Balkans. Historiography of the Bulgarian Revival. Central European University Press, Budapest u. a. 2004, ISBN 963-9241-83-0 , pp. 7-8.
2. ^ Iván T. Berend : History Derailed. Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century. University of California Press, Berkeley CA et al. a. 2003, ISBN 0-520-23299-2 , p. 76.
3. ↑ Christo Christow: С операция "МАРАТОН" Държавна сигурност е откраднала Паисиевата история от "Зограф". With Operation Maraton, the Darschavna Sigurnost stole the Slav-Bulgarian history from Sograf. (No longer available online.) Desebg.com, October 11, 2012, archived from the original on October 14, 2012 ; Retrieved October 11, 2012 (Bulgarian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.