Palace of the Bishops of Krakow (Warsaw)
| Palais Biernacki | ||
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 From Miodowa Street |
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| Creation time : | before 1600 | |
| Castle type : | Palace | |
| Conservation status: | Reconstructed | |
| Place: | Warsaw | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 14 '46.7 " N , 21 ° 0' 42.5" E | |
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The Palace of the Bishops of Krakow (Polish: Pałac Biskupów Krakowskich ) is located in Warsaw on Ulica Miodowa 5 and is a corner building on Ulica Senatorska . In the immediate vicinity there is the Old Town , the Royal Castle and many residences from the 17th and 18th centuries, such as the Dembiński Palace , the Primate Palace , the Malachowski Palace , the Branicki Palace , the Szaniawski Palace , the Młodziejowski Palace , Pac Palace and Borch Palace . The late baroque building was the Warsaw seat of the influential archbishops from Krakow for 150 years . Today it is used for office purposes.
history
At the end of the 16th century, the wooden house of the tailor Mikołaj Czajka and the brewery and malt house of the Warsaw councilor Tomasz Chawłosz stood on the site of the present palace. In 1597 the property was acquired by the Prussian regent Georg Friedrich I , who wanted to build a residence here for himself. This plan was not realized and his successor Johann Sigismund sold the property to Queen Constanze . She started building a palace that she wanted to donate to the Krakow episcopal chapter. In 1635, under Władysław IV , the Kraków Chapter received the land with the building that had been started on the condition that the palace be completed and then used as a Warsaw residence. Bishop Jakub Zadzik had the building completed by 1642.
Magnificent palace life in the 18th century
During the invasion of Sweden in 1656, the palace was destroyed and rebuilt under Bishop Andrzej Trzebicki. As early as 1760 to 1762 it was fundamentally rebuilt in the late Baroque style with a magnificent gable on the order of Bishop Kajetan Sołtyk - probably based on a design by Giacomo Fontana . The appearance of the palace after the renovation is recorded in a picture by Bernardo Bellotto from 1775 . Also on the border of the Warsaw city map by Pierre Ricaud de Tirregaille from 1762 is a picture of the front view of the palace after the renovation.
Kajetan Sołtyk ran a large court in the palace. On official carriage trips, the number of pages and dragoons carried along was so great that, according to a description by Łukasz Gołębiowski, the head of the train that was created in this way had already reached the courtyard of the royal palace before the end had left the courtyard of the bishop's palace.
South Prussia
After the third partition of Poland , the Prussian government became the owner of the palace in 1795. The spacious halls of the property have now been converted into commercial and office space and rented out. The trade tribunal, the appellate court and a peace tribunal also had their seat here.
Congress Poland
In 1823 there was a lottery raffle for the palace. Half of the palace was given to Natan Morgensztern from Sandomierz , the other three Jewish businessmen from Końskowola . As a result, Łukasz Piotrowski from Warsaw bought the property, who had it converted into a tenement house with a classicist facade. Under him, the former high first floor of the main house was divided into two floors. After further renovations in the 19th century, the former magnificent palace was a rental building with no charm or artistic value at the beginning of the Second World War .
World War II and post-war period
During the attack on Warsaw in September 1939, the object was hit by bombs and burned out. It was finally destroyed during the Warsaw Uprising . After the war it was rebuilt for use as an office. The Bellotto painting was used as a template for the reconstruction. Initially, the industrial association for aircraft and engine construction "Delta" (Polish: Zjednoczenie Przemysłu Lotniczego i Silnikowego "Delta" ) had its seat here. The current user is the state social security ZUS .
In 2010, the palace was returned to a community of heirs around Joanna Beller, the daughter of the last pre-war owner Edward Piotrowski, by the final decision of the Polish Main Administrative Court (Polish: Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny ). Piotrowski had been expropriated by a decree issued by Bolesław Bierut in 1945. The return after the fall of the Wall was preceded by a dispute since the early 1990s, which was also heard at the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg in 2005 .
architecture
The palace consists of the core building on Miodowa and a right-angled side wing on Senatorska . It is one of the few residences in Warsaw whose core building is directly in line with the street development. Both buildings are on a rectangular floor plan. During the reconstruction, the facades got their late baroque appearance back from the late 18th century. However, the later subdivision of the original high first floor (with the representative rooms of Bishop Sołtyk) was retained in the core building. The windows of these two storeys were set into the frames of the high windows of the original facade and so do not disturb the concise, elongated impression of the main facade.
A rectangular gable in the form of a walled-in plaque crowned with a heraldic cartouche and figures was erected over the central part of this facade. The plaque commemorates the reconstruction of the palace under Sołtyk. Another memorial plaque is on the facade of the side wing facing the Senatorska ; it pays tribute to the deaths of Poles who were shot here on February 15, 1944. On the north facade, a third plaque indicates that the novelist Wacław Gąsiorowski was born in the building in 1869.
In front of the entrance to the palace are two stones, the holes of which were used to extinguish torches that you had brought with you.
The nineteenth-century side and dismantling buildings that tower above the palace were not rebuilt after the war - also because of the construction of the Trasa WZ .
References and comments
- ↑ a b according to Information board on the building, see also the web link to Commons
- ↑ Andrzej Zawisz Trzebicki (1607-1679) was a Polish bishop in Krakow, Deputy Polish Primate and sub-chancellor of the crown
- ↑ Kajetan Ignacy Sołtyk (1715–1788) was a Polish bishop in Kiev and Krakow
- ↑ in: Łukasz Gołębiowski: Opisanie historyczno-staytstyczne miasta Warszaway. 1827.
- ↑ Warszawski pałac Biskupów Krakowskich zmieni właściciela. at: Wprost . July 29, 2010 (in Polish)
- ^ Wacław Gąsiorowski (1869–1939) was a Polish publicist, journalist and author
- ↑ Małgorzata Danecka, Thorsten Hoppe: Discover Warsaw. Walking tours through the Polish capital. Trescher Verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-89794-116-8 , p. 125.
- ↑ see the historical photo at Waszwaw1939.pl under web links
Web links
- Information with a historical illustration at Warszawa1939.pl (in Polish)
See also
literature
- Julius A. Chroscicki, Andrzej Rottermund: Architectural Atlas of Warsaw. 1st edition. Arkady, Warsaw 1978, p. 169.
- Tadeusz S. Jaroszewski: Palaces and Residences in Warsaw. Interpress publishing house, Warsaw 1985, ISBN 83-223-2049-3 , p. 11 ff.
- Janina Rukowska: Travel guide to Warsaw and surroundings. 3. Edition. Sport i Turystyka, Warsaw 1982, ISBN 83-217-2380-2 , p. 55.