Panas Myrnyj

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Panas Myrnyj

Panas Myrnyi ( Ukrainian Панас Мирний , pseudonym of Panas Jakowytsch Rudtschenko, Ukrainian Панас Якович Рудченко ; born May 1 . Jul / 13. May  1849 greg. In Myrhorod , Poltava Governorate , Russian Empire , † January 15 jul. / January 28  1920 greg. In Poltava , Russian Empire) was a Ukrainian writer and dramaturge.

youth

Panas Rudchenko was born on May 13, 1849 in the family of an accountant in Myrhorod. After a few years of teaching in the Myrhorod parish and then in the Gadyachskij canton school, the 14-year-old boy went to work. In 1863 Rudchenko began his civil service in the district court of the city of Hadjatsch . The following year he moved to the Treasury to work as an assistant accountant and later, after a short stay in Pryluky , took the same position in the Myrhorod Treasury. In the first eight years of his civil service, the first literary attempts and a collection of folkloric materials were made. His brother later published part of the collected material in the collections of Narodnyje yuzhnorusskie skaski ( Народные южнорусские сказки ) South Russian Folk Tales (1869, 1870) and Tschumazkie narodпnye pesин ( Чумацкие нумацкие нын ). From 1871 Panas Myrnyj lived in Poltava, and worked in the local treasury.

Start of literary activity

It was especially during this time that Myrnyj undertook his first attempts at literature, using his older brother Ivan as an example, who was already translating and publishing his collections of fairy tales and songs as well as Turgenev's stories into Ukrainian at the time . The first works, such as the poem “Ukrajini” and the story Lychyj poputaw (Лихий попутав), signed with the pseudonym Panas Myrnyj, were published abroad in the Lviv “Pravda” in 1872.

Monument to Panas Myrnyj

Although the writer wrote a lot between 1870 and 1880, his works remained largely unknown to the general public in Ukraine because of the censorship of Ukrainian-language literature. Almost all of his works were published abroad, such as the essay Podorischja od Poltawy do Gadjatschogo ( Подоріжжя од Полтави до Гадячого ) and the story of Pjanyza ( П'яниця ) and the story of Pjanyza ( П'яниця ) , published in 1874 in the magazine " Prawda " published Roman Lychi ljudy ( Лихі люди ). Roman Chiba, rewut woly, jak jasla powni ?, finished in 1875 in collaboration with his brother Ivan Bilyk ? ( Хіба ревуть воли, як ясла повні? ), Was censored and not published in Russia in connection with the so-called Emser Decree of 1876. This only happened in Geneva in 1880. It wasn't until the mid-1880s that Myrnyj's works began to be published in the Ukraine, the first two parts of the novel Powija ( Повія ) and two stories from the cycle Jak vedetsja, tak i schywetsja ( Як ведеться, так і живеться ). In 1886 a collection of the works Zbyranyzja z ridnogo polja ( Збираниця з рідного поля ) and the comedy Peremudryw ( Перемудрив ) appeared in Kiev . At the same time, Panas Myrnyy continued to publish his works in Galician collections and magazines.

Public engagement

Protected by his pseudonym, Myrnyj took an active part in public activities. In his youth he worked in the revolutionary “Unija” circle in Poltava and during a house search they found banned publications, but this had no consequences for Myrnyj. Panas Myrnyj had close relationships with many famous figures of Ukrainian culture such as Lesja Ukrajinka . After the tsar's manifesto was published in 1905, Myrnyj supported publications advocating equal rights for women. In some of his works he commented on the revolutionary events. When it was forbidden to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Shevchenko in 1914 , Myrnyj wrote an article on the subject expressing his deep outrage and protest against the actions of royal power. As early as 1915, the police began looking for Panas Myrnyj as a "politically suspicious person". Panas Myrnyj never revealed his pseudonym because he did not want his literary activity to harm his career. After the revolution of 1917 he supported the Central Na Rada . Their mention was published in the Literature Lexicon in 1930, but later the Soviet government portrayed Myrnyj as their supporter. He died in Poltava and was buried there too.

Bust of Panas Myrnyj

Works

stories

  • Lychyj poputav
  • Jak Vedet'sja, tak i žyvet'sja
  • Pasičnyk
  • Jakiv Borodaj
  • Zamčyšče
  • Vyzvol
  • Morozenko
  • Pyanycja

Novella

  • Lovy

Novels

  • Chiba revut 'voly, jak jasla povni?
  • Povija (Adaptation: Film "Guljaščaja" 1961)

Play

  • Lymerivna

literature

  • Anna-Halja Horbatsch : Ukraine as reflected in its literature. Poetry as a people's way of survival. Brodina Verlag, Reichelsheim 1997, ISBN 3-931180-04-2 , p. 10.
  • Vitaliĭ Hryhorovych Donchyk, MS Tymoshyk: Історія Української литератури XX стліття - Istorii ︠ a ︡ ukraïns ʹ koï literatury XX stolitti ︠ a ︡ . tape 1 : 1910-1930-ri rok . Lybid, Kiev 1993, ISBN 5-325-00430-1 , p. 4, 27, 29, 70, 73, 311, 509, 625, 743, 766 (Ukrainian).
  • OE Zasenko: Історія Української литератури. - Istorii︠a︡ ukraïnsʹkoï literatury. In eight volumes, Volume 4, книга друга: література 70–90-х років XIX cт. Naukova Dumka, Kiev 1969, pp. 14, 57-58, 290-291, 305, 435, 438-439 (Ukrainian).
  • IA Dzeverin: Історія Української літератури - Istorii︠a︡ ukraïnsʹkoï literatury. In two volumes, Volume 1: дожовтнева література. Naukova Dumka, Kiev 1987, pp. 344, 348, 351, 354-360, 373-384, 486, 497 (Ukrainian).
  • Dmitrij Tschižewskij, George Stephen Nestor Luckyj: A history of Ukrainian literature. From the 11th to the end of the 19th century . 2nd Edition. Ukrainian Academic Press, New York / Engelwood, Colorado 1997, ISBN 1-56308-522-4 , pp. 689, 691 (English).
  • Leonid Ushkalov, Panas Mirny: Х .: Фоліо. 2012.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Panas Myrnyj: П ' яниця . Litres, 2018 (Ukrainian, books.google.de - excerpt).
personal data
SURNAME Myrnyj, Panas
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Мирний, Панас (Ukrainian stage name); Панас, Якович Рудченко (Ukrainian); Panas, Jakovyč Rudčenko (transliteration); Panas, Jakowytsch Rudchenko (transcription)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ukrainian writer and dramaturge
DATE OF BIRTH May 13, 1849
PLACE OF BIRTH Myrhorod , Poltava Governorate , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH January 28, 1920
Place of death Poltava , Russian Empire