Passiflora tarminiana
| Passiflora tarminiana | ||||||||||||
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Passiflora tarminiana |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Passiflora tarminiana | ||||||||||||
| Coppens & VEBarney |
The Passiflora tarminiana is a type of plant from the genus of passion flowers ( Passiflora ) in the family of passion flower plants (Passifloraceae). It is only known from culture and is used as a fruit . In Colombia it is known as Curuba India, Curuba Ecuatoriana or Curuba Quiteña, in Ecuador as Tacso Amarillo and in Bolivia as Tumbo. Other South American names in Spanish or Quechua are: Taxo, Parcha or Poroksa. In English it is called Banana Passionfruit or Banana Poka.
description
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Appearance
Passiflora tarminiana grows as an evergreen liana . The cylindrical stem axis has internodes 6 to 12 cm long . The fibrous bark is covered with more or less soft, fine white hairs. There are axillary, helically twisted tendrils .
leaf
The alternately arranged, vine leaves-like leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The 1.5 to 4 cm long petiole is adaxial (facing the stem axis), trough-shaped, finely rust-colored, downy hairs and has one to four pairs of glands. The leaf blade is three-lobed with a width of usually about 16 (7 to 29) cm. The leaf lobes are egg-shaped with pointed upper ends. The middle lobe is usually about 11 (5.5 to 16) cm long and usually about 5 (2.5 to 8) cm wide. The side lobes are usually about 9 (5 to 16) cm long and usually about 4 (2.3 to 7) cm wide. The leaf margin is sawn. The upper side of the leaf is somewhat glossy, with sparsely downy hairs or balding; the mostly short trichomes are mixed with some very long ones. The underside of the leaf is finely hairy with rust-colored trichomes along the leaf veins. The eared and needle-shaped stipules , which fall off early, have a total length of 4 to 7 mm and a width of 2 (sometimes up to 3) mm, without the awned end 1 to 3 mm long and the awn is 3 to 4 mm long ( The closely related species can be distinguished especially by this characteristic).
blossom
The flowers hang individually in the leaf axils. The 3 to 10 cm long peduncle is covered with fine hair. The three bracts are egg-shaped with a length of 3 to 4 cm and a width of 2 to 3 cm with a pointed upper end, entire margins and fused together over at least half their length. The veins of the bracts are yellowish and the network nerves are recognizable. The bracts are about 1 cm from the base of the flower cup (hypanthium).
The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry . The outside light green and inside whitish tube, including the hypanthium, has a length of 6 to 8 cm and a diameter of 0.7 to 1 cm. The nectar chamber is significantly wider than the flower tube. The nectar chamber is almost spherical with a diameter of 1.4 to 2 cm. The recurved operculum has recurved edges. An annulus is present. The bracts are bright to light pink in color; but there is also a white flowering variety. The bracts, which are erect during opening, bend back during the day or on the second day. The bracts are divided into somewhat different sepals and petals. The sepals are elongated at a length of 4.5 to 6 cm and a width of 1.2 to 2.5 cm and the awn below the upper end is 3 to 4 mm long. The petals are 3 to 6 mm shorter than the sepals. The length ratio of the flower tube and sepals is 1.3 to 1.6. The corona, which consists of staminodes , is reduced to a humped ring at the throat of the flower tube; it is mainly white with a purple base. The five fertile stamens and the stylus are combined into a so-called column or androgynophore . The white androgynophore is 7 to 10 cm long. The free part of the five white stamens is about 2 cm long. The five anthers are yellow. The downy, hairy and green ovary is spindle-shaped. The three white styluses each end in a green scar.
fruit
Botanically it is in as Curuba designated fruit is a berry . The berry is spindle-shaped with a length of 10 to 14 cm and a width of 3.5 to 4.5 cm. Young berries are softly hairy. The pericarp is dark green with white spots, except along the main vascular bundles. As the fruit ripens, the spots disappear and the skin turns yellow to orange-yellow. The dried stylus can also be seen on the fruit.
The seeds are embedded in an aril. The orange arilli are sweet and aromatic. The seeds are asymmetrical, pointed, heart-shaped and reddish-brown when dry with a reticulate surface.
Differentiation to closely related species
In the past, Passiflora tarminiana were mistaken for Passiflora tripartita var. Mollissima or Passiflora mixta . The stipules are small and fall off early in Passiflora tarminiana , but in the other two species they are durable and larger. In Passiflora tarminiana , the nectar chamber is significantly wider than the flower tube. Passiflora tarminiana has almost always pink, but never red to wine-red bracts.
distribution
Passiflora tarminiana is only known from culture from tropical areas in the Andes of South America, especially in Bolivia, Venezuela and Colombia.
In eastern Australia , in New Zealand , as well as Hawaii , Madeira and Réunion is Passiflora Tarminiana an invasive plant .
Systematics
Passiflora tarminiana was created on April 30, 2001 by Geo Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge, Victoria E. Barney, Peter Møller Jørgensen, John M. MacDougal in Passiflora tarminiana, a new cultivated species of Passiflora subgenus Tacsonia (Passifloraceae). , First published in: Novon , Volume 11, pp. 8-15 . Passiflora tarminiana belongs to the subgenus Tacsonia of the genus Passiflora .
Passiflora tarminiana easily forms hybrids with other species of the same subgenus , for example crosses with Passiflora tripartita var. Mollissima and Passiflora mixta are known.
use
The aril is eaten raw or made into drinks.
Of the elongated Curuba fruit, the aril (sometimes called "pulp") and the seeds are edible; the peel is inedible. The smell and taste are mild, refreshing, spicy and sour and are similar to apple, orange and cucumber. Ripe fruits have an evenly yellow or red colored skin that begins to shrink over time. Overripe fruits taste unpleasantly sour.
Curuba fruits are rarely sold in Europe.
swell
- Datasheet - Passiflora tarminiana Coppens & Barney, Passifloraceae at Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk = PIER. (Description quoted from Coppens d'Eechenbrugge et al., 2001)
- Geo Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge, Victoria E. Barney, Peter Møller Jørgensen, John M. MacDougal: Passiflora tarminiana, a New Cultivated Species of Passiflora subgenus Tacsonia (Passifloraceae) . In: Novon . tape 11 , 2001, p. 8–15 ( first publication scanned at botanicus.org ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g data sheet - Passiflora tarminiana Coppens & Barney, Passifloraceae at Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk = PIER.
- ^ Passiflora tarminiana in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Bioversity International - New World Fruits Database : Enter Passiflora tarminiana in the search mask.
Web links
- Banana Poka (Passiflora tarminiana): Look out for the vines! ( Memento of November 20, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) at The Maui Plant Chronicles , July 2, 2010. ( Memento of July 2, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- Dr. Horst Kretzschmar, 2005 in Passiflora-Online .
- Datasheet - Banana passionfruit - Passiflora tarminiana at Queensland Government.