Patriarchal Monastery of Peć
Coordinates: 42 ° 39 ′ 40 ″ N , 20 ° 15 ′ 55.8 ″ E
| Patriarchal Monastery of Peć | |
|---|---|
UNESCO world heritage 
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| National territory: |
 Kosovo
(Listed by UNESCO due to the disputed status of Kosovo under Serbia under international law .) |
| Type: | Culture |
| Criteria : | ii, iii, iv |
| Reference No .: | 724 |
| UNESCO region : | Europe and North America |
| History of enrollment | |
| Enrollment: | 2006 (session 30) |
The Patriarchal Monastery of Peć in Peja ( Serbian Манастир Пећка патријаршија Manastir Pećka patrijaršija , Albanian Patrikana e Pejës ) is a Serbian Orthodox monastery.
location
The monastery is located about a kilometer west of the city at the outflow of the Bistrica e Pejës , from the Rugova Gorge . The monastery is open to visitors. The surveillance of the monastery previously carried out by KFOR is now being taken over by the Kosovar police.
history
Since the center of the Serbian archbishopric, the Žiča monastery , was in danger from the nearby border with Hungary, St. Sava of Serbia commissioned his successor Arsenije (1234–1263 / 67) to look for a safe place for the seat of the archbishopric. In the first half of the 13th century at the exit of the Rugovaschlucht the Apostle Church was built with parts of a previous building (probably from the 11th century). The church is very simply built in the style of the Raška school , single-nave with a transept, dome and semicircular apse . Archbishop Nikodim (1316–1325) replaced a side chapel of the Apostle Church with the Demetrius Church on the north side , which was consecrated to Saint Demetrios of Thessaloniki . Around 1330 Nikodim's successor Danilo II had the Church of Our Lady Hodegetria built in the south with the St. Nicholas Chapel and a common, open narthex for all three churches, which was converted into a closed building in the 16th century. Demetrius and Marienkirche have a cross-shaped floor plan based on the Byzantine model, windows and portals have rich sculptural decorations. Although the complex comes from different eras, the complex forms a closed, harmonious unit.
art
The church complex is strongly reminiscent of the architecture of the Athos monasteries and, especially in the Vatopedi monastery , has a model that was very close to the Serbian monks. Both founders of the patriarchal monastery had the opportunity to see the monasteries of the Holy Mountain and were abbots in the Hilandar monastery for a few years .
The frescoes from four centuries show the development of Serbian painting from the 13th to the 16th century. The frescoes of the Apostle Church show the strong connection to the Byzantine tradition: the facial features are severe and the robes are stylized. The interior of the dome is decorated with a representation of the Ascension of Christ , on the fields of the vaulted arches below the outpouring of the Holy Spirit and the unbelieving Thomas , further down the Lord's Supper and the raising of Lazarus . The most important paintings of Demetriuskirche are the cycles about the life of the saints and the great church festivals. In the Marienkirche the psalm words are noted around Christ in the dome, which praise him as ruler of the universe. Prophets with six-winged seraphim appear between the windows, the personifications of the evangelists (New Testament) are shown on the pendentives . In the narthex, the magnificently painted Last Judgment and the family tree of the Nemanjids (14th century) should be emphasized.
The monastery treasure hides precious icons with examples from the 14th to 19th centuries, many illustrated manuscripts in the Old Church Slavonic language and wood and stone sculptures.
With its art treasures, graves and shrines, the patriarchal monastery is a treasure trove of Serbian history and the holiest place of the Serbian Orthodox Church. In July 2006, it was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List . At the same time, because of the legally unclear situation in Kosovo and the difficult security situation, it was entered on the Red List of World Heritage in Danger.
In March 2009, Bishop Artemije had the monastery painted red to "make it more visible". In addition, ornaments on the facade were changed. The Serbian Ministry of Culture and the Serbian Monument Authority criticized the project very sharply.
literature
- Frank Rother: Yugoslavia. Art, history and landscape between the Adriatic and the Danube. DuMont Buchverlag , Cologne 1988, ISBN 3-7701-0787-0 , pp. 202-204.
- Franz N. Mehling: Yugoslavia. (Knaur's cultural guide). Droemer Knaur , Munich 1984, ISBN 3-426-26135-9 , pp. 254-256.
- Gojko Subotić: Late Byzantine Art. Benziger Verlag, Zurich 1998, ISBN 3-545-33153-9 , pp. 198-219.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Gerhard Podskalsky : Theological literature of the Middle Ages in Bulgaria and Serbia 865-1459. CH Beck, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-406-45024-5 , p. 461.
- ↑ news.immobilo.de: Bishop paints medieval monastery red ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Hamburger Morgenpost. March 3, 2009.
