Pawel Ivanovich Lebedew-Polyansky

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Pavel I. Lebedev-Polyansky (1920s)

Pavel Ivanovich Lebedev-Polyansky ( Russian Павел Иванович Лебедев-Полянский ; pseudonym: Walerian Polyansky * December 21, 1881 jul. / 2. January  1882 greg. In Melenki , Russian Empire ; † 4. April 1948 in Moscow , Soviet Union ) was a Russian revolutionary and Soviet literary critic, ideologist and censor.

biography

Lebedew-Polyansky attended the theological seminary in Vladimir until 1902 and then continued his education at the medical and historical-philological faculty of the imperial Juriew University in Dorpat . In 1902 he became a member of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (RSDLP). He was arrested in 1904 for activities for the RSDLP, expelled from the university and sent back to Vladimir. There he took an active part in the Russian Revolution of 1905 . In 1907 he met Vladimir Lenin , Alexander Bogdanov and Anatoly Lunacharsky in Kuokkala , which at that time served as a retreat for the leadership of the RSDLP .

After the failure of the Russian Revolution of 1905, he went into exile in Geneva from 1908 to 1917. During this time he met Georgi W. Plekhanov (first party leader of the Russian Social Democracy), Julius Martow (spokesman for the Mensheviks in the RSDLP) and Pavel Axelrod (entrepreneur, financier of the RSDLP, later opponent of Lenin). During the unsteady period of emigration for Lebedew-Polyansky, he began to work as a writer, only to make this his permanent activity from 1914 onwards. In the meantime he worked as a dishwasher in restaurants or gave private lessons. He also attended lectures at the universities in Geneva and Vienna.

After the February Revolution of 1917 Lebedev-Polyansky returned to Russia and went to Saint Petersburg . There he was arrested in July 1917 after a demonstration and imprisoned in Kresty Prison . He was released from prison on bail of 1,000 rubles given by the Bolsheviks .

After the October Revolution , Lebedev-Poyansky was appointed head of the Publishing Department of the People's Commissariat for Education of the RSFSR . He was also chairman of the council of the Soviet cultural revolutionary movement Proletkult . From 1918 to 1921 he was editor-in-chief of the publishing house "Proletarian Culture". The first Soviet editions of classic Russian literature were published under Lebedev-Polyanski's supervision.

From 1922 to 1931 he was the successor to Nikolai Meschcherjakow head of the Central Administration of Affairs of Literature and Publishing (Glawlit). Under his leadership, the Glawlit developed into an all-encompassing censorship apparatus that checked every printed work in the Soviet Union for the legitimacy of its content. (→ censorship in the Soviet Union )

Lebedev-Polyansky was part of the editorial team of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia from 1934 to 1939 and had been a bearer of the Order of Lenin since 1945 .

He died at the age of 66 in Moscow and was buried there in the Novodevichy Cemetery .

Fonts

  • On Political and Ideological Control of Literature in the Reconstruction Period , 1931, Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ARAN). F. 597. Op. 3. D. 17

literature

Web links

Commons : Pawel Iwanowitsch Lebedew-Polyansky  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Vronskaya, Chuguev: Biographical Dictionary , p. 229
  2. ↑ biography on "Kratkajs Litjeraturnaja Enzuklopjedij" ; Retrieved December 10, 2015
  3. ↑ Pavel Lebedev-Polianskii in "The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979)" ; Retrieved December 9, 2015
  4. ↑ Bljum: Vom Neolithikum zur Glawlit , pp. 128-137
personal data
SURNAME Lebedew-Polyansky, Pawel Ivanovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Polyanski, Walerian (pseudonym); Лебедев-Полянский, Павел Иванович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet literary critic
DATE OF BIRTH January 2, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Melenki , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH April 4, 1948
Place of death Moscow , Soviet Union