Peltigerales

Peltigerales
Dandruff lichen ( Peltigera praetextata )
Systematics
Sub-kingdom : Dikarya Department : Ascomycota mushrooms Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina) Class : Lecanoromycetes Subclass : Lecanoromycetidae Order : Peltigerales
Scientific name
Peltigerales
Walt. Watson

The peltigerales are an order of hose mushrooms (Ascomycota) and contain mainly lichen-forming species.

features

The Peltigerales have diverse thalli . On the underside they form rhizines, root-like structures. The ascospores are mainly often septate , colorless or brown. The asci are multilayered. The paraphyses are predominantly unbranched and free.

The representatives of the order form both double (one photobiont) and triple (two photobiont) symbioses. Cyanobacteria ( Nostoc , Scytonema , rarely Dichotrix ) occur in the entire thallus when they are the only photobiont, or as secondary photobionts in special structures (cephalodies). In the latter case, green algae are the primary photobionts ( Coccomyxa , Dictyochloropsis , Myrmecia ). Chlorophyceae green algae as the only photobionts are rare. In the case of triple symbioses, the mycobiont can form its own, delimited thallus which only houses the cyanobacteria partner, but not the green algae partner.

They produce a wide variety of secondary ingredients, especially triterpenoids .

distribution

The Peltigerales are common worldwide. The Lobariaceae have their distribution center in the southern hemisphere, while the other families occur preferentially in the northern hemisphere. They grow on different substrates: moss, rock, soil, tree bark. They mostly occur in fresh to moist forest locations.

Systematics

The Peltigerales are a monophyletic group. It is divided into two also monophyletic subordinates. The Peltigerales include the following families (with selected genera and species):

• Suborder Peltigerineae
  • Lobariaceae with four genera
    • Lobaria
      • Real lung lichen ( Lobaria pulmonaria )
  • Nephromataceae with a genus
  • Peltigeraceae with two genera
    • Peltigera
      • Apple lichen ( Peltigera aphtosa )
      • Dog lichen ( Peltigera canina )
      • Peltigera leucophlebia
      • Peltigera polydactyla
      • Dandruff lichen ( Peltigera praetextata )
    • Solorina
      • Saffron lichen ( Solorina crocea )
      • Sack lichen ( Solorina saccata )
  • Placynthiaceae with seven genera
• Suborder Collematineae
  • Coccocarpiaceae with five genera
  • Collemataceae with eight genera
    • Collema
  • Pannariaceae with 17 genera

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literature

• Jolanta Miadlikowska, François Lutzoni: Phylogenetic classification of peltigeralean fungi (Peltigerales, Ascomycota) based on ribosomal RNA small and large subunits . In: American Journal of Botany Volume 91, 2004, pp. 449-464. (Abstract and full text) (characteristics, distribution)
• Jolanta Miadlikowska et al .: New insights into classification and evolution of the Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) from phylogenetic analyzes of three ribosomal RNA- and two protein-coding genes . In: Mycologia , Volume 98, 2006, pp. 1088-1103.
• DS Hibbett et al .: A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi . In: Mycological research , May 2007; 111 (5): 509-547. Epub 2007 March 13, 2007. doi : 10.1016 / j.mycres.2007.03.004 , (PDF; 1.3 MB)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Miadlikowska et al .: New insights into classification and evolution of the Lecanoromycetes ... , 2006.
2. ^ OE Eriksson (Ed.): Outline of Ascomycota - 2006 In: Myconet , Volume 12, 2006, pp. 1-82. (online html)

Web links

Commons : Peltigerales  - collection of images, videos and audio files