Pelusium

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Pelusium in hieroglyphics
New kingdom
S29 W24

or
T22 N35 G14 G43

Senu
Snw
Greek Πηλούσιον (Pelousion)

Pelusium (Latin; ancient Greek Πηλούσιον Pelousion ; Arabic تل الفرما, DMG Tall al-Faramā ; ancient Egyptian Senu , Per Amun ; Old Testament Sin ; Coptic Peremoun ; Aramaic Seyân ) is an ancient Egyptian city ​​in the far east of the Nile Delta and is located 30 km southeast of Port Said .

history

Pelusium (Egypt)
Pelusium
Pelusium
Sile
Sile
Pelusium in Egypt

Pelusium was the mouth of the Pelusian arm of the Nile , which in ancient times was the easternmost river in the Nile Delta, near the fortress Sile . In the late 11th century BC However, the river began to silt up and shifted westward. In the Bible , Pelusium is called "Sin, the fortress of Egypt" ( Ez 30.15  EU ).

After winning the Battle of Pelusium (525 BC) by surrendering the Egyptian army , the Persian king Cambyses II then destroyed Tell el-Maschuta and later conquered Egypt. After the later capture of Memphis , Cambyses II dissolved the Egyptian pharaoh Psammetich III. in dominion.

55 BC BC Marcus Antonius conquered Pelusium. He acted as the rider leader of the Roman proconsul of Syria , Aulus Gabinius , who was responsible for the repatriation of the expelled Ptolemy XII. had agreed. After the taking of Pelusium, Ptolemy XII wanted. massacre the inhabitants of the city , but was prevented from doing so by Antony. Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus was born in 48 BC. Near Pelusium on behalf of the guardians of the young king Ptolemaios XIII. murdered. In the summer of 30 BC BC Octavian conquered the city, which was noticeably weakly defended by the Ptolemaic commander Seleucus . The city seems to have had a largely Hellenistic character. It had at least two theaters . In 1117, Baldwin I , King of Jerusalem , tore Pelusium down to its foundation walls during his campaign against Egypt. He died shortly after of fish poisoning .

Pelusium is now the seat of a diocese of the Orthodox Church . The ruins of the old city are currently being archaeologically developed by an Australian mission .

See also

literature

  • Wilhelm Spiegelberg : The Egyptian name of Pelusium . In: Georg Steindorff (Hrsg.): Journal for Egyptian language and antiquity . Forty-ninth volume. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1911, p. 81–84 ( digitized [accessed April 12, 2016]).
  • Hans Bonnet: Pelusium. In: Lexicon of Egyptian Religious History. Nikol, Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-937872-08-6 , p. 585.
  • Rainer Hannig : Large Concise Dictionary Egyptian-German: (2800 - 950 BC) . von Zabern, Mainz 2006, ISBN 3-8053-1771-9 , p. 1183.
  • James Karl Hoffmeier: Ancient Israel in Sinai: The evidence for the Authenticity of the wilderness Tradition . Oxford University Press, Oxford 2005, ISBN 0-19-515546-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Plutarch , Antonius 3, 6ff.
  2. ^ Caesar , De bello civili 3, 104; Plutarch, Pompey 79; Appian , Civil Wars 2, 85; Cassius Dio , Roman History 42, 4; among others
  3. ^ Plutarch, Antonius 74, 1f .; Cassius Dio, Roman History 51, 9, 5f.

Coordinates: 31 ° 3 '  N , 32 ° 36'  E