Pentamidine

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Structural formula
Structural formula of pentamidine
General
Non-proprietary name Pentamidine
other names

4,4 '- [1,5-pentanediylbis (oxy)] dibenzenecarboximidamide ( IUPAC )

Molecular formula C 19 H 24 N 4 O 2
External identifiers / databases
CAS number
  • 100-33-4
  • 140-64-7 (isethionate salt)
EC number 202-841-0
ECHA InfoCard 100.002.583
PubChem 4735
ChemSpider 4573
DrugBank DB00738
Wikidata Q416206
Drug information
ATC code

P01 CX01

Drug class

Antiprotozoic

properties
Molar mass 340.42 g · mol -1
safety instructions
Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed
GHS labeling of hazardous substances
07 - Warning

Caution

H and P phrases H: 315-317-319-335
P: 261-280-305 + 351 + 338
Toxicological data

50 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  mouse ,  ip )

As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Pentamidine (trade name pentacarinate ) is an antiprotozoal agent which is indicated in the treatment of leishmaniasis , the early stages of West African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and infections with Pneumocystis jirovecii .

Pentamidine has a number of side effects, some of which are considerable . Very common (> 10%) are disorders of glucose metabolism with acute hypoglycaemia , which can lead to diabetes mellitus , as well as hyperkalemia , kidney dysfunction, gastrointestinal disorders, skin rashes and pain at the injection site. One of the most common is hypotension, which may be life-threatening . Long QT syndrome is rare, but also potentially life-threatening .

Pentamidine is commonly used as isethionate . While it is mainly used parenterally for leishmaniasis and sleeping sickness , inhalation is also used for the treatment of Pneumocystis infections in AIDS patients; the side effects should be less pronounced with this application.

history

Pentamidine was developed in Great Britain in the late 1930s as a remedy for sleeping sickness.

In June 1981, the increased demand for pentamidine in Los Angeles and New York caused a sensation at the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , whose research then led to the identification and research of the HIV virus and the associated disease AIDS .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Datasheet Pentamidine isethionate salt from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on April 18, 2011 ( PDF ).
  2. ^ Entry on pentamidine in the ChemIDplus database of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) .
  3. ^ Specialist information pentacarinate Germany (retrieved from PharmNet. April 22, 2008).
  4. ^ Specialist information pentacarinate Switzerland (retrieved from kompendium.ch April 22, 2008).
  5. ↑ Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm4534.pdf January 24, 2016).