Peter Revertera-Salandra

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Peter Revertera-Salandra , until 1918 Count Revertera von Salandra (born March 18, 1893 in Paris , † April 19, 1966 in Helfenberg ) was regional leader-deputy of the Upper Austrian Home Guard , Upper Austrian Provincial Council, Security Director for Upper Austria (1934-1938) and resistance fighter against the National socialism .

Security Director Peter Revertera at the funeral address for Richard Hölzel
Piberstein Castle , owned by the Revertera-Salandra family since 1894

Life

Peter Revertera was born the son of Count Nikolaus Revertera von Salandra (1866–1951), an Austro-Hungarian diplomat and confidante of Emperor Charles I , and his wife Donna Olimpia Aldobrandini dei principi di Sarsina (1868–1928).

After attending grammar school in Gmunden , he did military service in Count Radetzky No. 5 Hussar Regiment. In 1917 he was a liaison officer with the rank of Rittmeister to the Royal Prussian War Minister in Berlin.

On September 4, 1917, he married Princess Ida zu Schwarzenberg (born March 10, 1894 in Vienna, † January 4, 1974 in Salzburg) in Frauenberg , with whom he had four children:

  • Nikolaus Hippolyt, 1918–1989
  • Franz Karl, 1919–2007
  • Johann, 1921–1941, killed in Novgorod Seversk, Russia
  • Josefine, * 1923, married. Müller

From 1920 he tried to found the home guard in the Mühlviertel; In 1928 he supported the construction of the Hessendenkmal in Linz by donating material . From 1929 he managed the family's estates in Upper Austria, Salzburg and South Bohemia. He led the development of the Home Guard in Upper Austria and became the commander of the Jägerregiment, later the Jägerbrigade "Fürst Starhemberg" No. 1. After the Pfrimer Putsch , Revertera helped Pfrimer's adjutant Karl Othmar Lamberg to escape to Germany.

Helfenberg Castle is the current residence of the Upper Austrian branch of the Revertera-Salandra family

In 1932 he was briefly deputy regional leader of the Heimwehr and in 1934 he was involved in the suppression of the February uprising of the Social Democratic Labor Party in Linz. In the years from 1934 to 1938 he held various offices, including a. he was regional councilor and security director (appointed on August 7, 1934), deputy chairman of the farmers' union and vice-president of the Upper Austrian Forest and Landowners Association. His predecessors in the position of Upper Austrian Security Director were Major General Ing.Johann Kubena (1882–1955) and Hans von Hammerstein-Equord (1881–1947). From 1918 to 1933, the Greater German MP Franz Langoth carried out the security department of the State of Upper Austria .

Entrance to the family crypt in Sankt Georgen near Grieskirchen owned by the Revertera-Salandra family

In September 1935 a so-called beggar detention camp was set up in Schlögen under Revertera . In this all Upper Austrians arrested for vagrancy or begging, who were liable and able to work, were summarized; Non-Upper Austrians were deported to their home communities. The arrested had to a. perform forced labor in the construction of the Nibelungenstrasse Passau-Linz.

In addition to his police duties as security director, Revertera tried to take on a role as a peacemaker. As regional councilor, security director and home guard leader, he was able to keep in touch with former social democratic confidants after the uprisings of 1934 - in agreement with the governor Gleißner - and also initiate a pacification action in many negotiations with the illegal National Socialists and moderate nationalists. However, this had little success, as there was great distrust of him. A dispute between Gleißner and Revertera in 1935 related to the Habsburg and honorary citizenship issue. Due to his legitimist (= monarchist) attitude, Revertera tried to enforce a regulation at the community level, which Gleißner contradicted, since "no state policy should be pursued in the community rooms".

In 1937 he met Hermann Göring at the International Hunting Exhibition in Berlin. On this occasion, Göring informed him that the Anschluss of Austria was imminent in the spring of 1938. He was then considered by Göring as Gaujägermeister in 1938, but this was not realized due to fierce resistance in the NSDAP . After Austria's “ annexation ” to Nazi Germany, political opponents began to be persecuted intensively, with the National Socialists primarily eliminating the rulers of the corporate state in the first few days . Governor Heinrich Gleißner , members of the provincial government Felix Kern and Peter Revertera, Linz mayor Wilhelm Bock and the director of the Linz Chamber of Labor Alfred Maleta were arrested. Revertera was "evicted", then lived in Neustadt an der Saale and in Augsburg and was imprisoned by the Gestapo in 1944.

Grave slab for Peter Revertera-Salandra and his wife Ida

Ida Revertera founded the resistance group Helfenberg together with her husband, her son Hippolyt and her daughter Josefine. The group was connected to the group of conspirators around Count Stauffenberg through Revertera's brother-in-law Karl Ludwig zu Guttenberg . Their activities related to the repair of weapons and ammunition, preparation for the liberation of the region, active help in the bloodless end of the fighting in the upper Mühlviertel etc. The daughter Josefine was imprisoned for a period of work because of "decomposing the will to resist".

After the Second World War, Peter Revertera lived as a forester and electrical utility operator in Helfenberg. He was a Knight of Honor and Knight of Devotion of the Sovereign Order of Malta and is buried in St. Georgen in the family crypt of the Reverteras.

Honors

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Revertera-Salandra. in the Salzburgwiki.
  2. Schwarzenberg, Prince. in the Salzburgwiki.
  3. ^ Roman Sandgruber : Karl Othmar Lamberg (1898–1942). In: Karl Hardach (ed.): Economic historical studies. Festival ceremony for Othmar Pickl. Frankfurt am Main et al. 2007, pp. 183–207, p. 188.
  4. ^ Walter Wiltschegg: The home guard. An irresistible popular movement? Oldenbourg, Munich 1985, p. 360.
  5. ^ Harry Slapnicka : Hans von Hammerstein-Equord: civil servant, politician, poet. In: Harry Slapnicka (Ed.): Hans von Hammerstein: In the beginning was the murder: Experiences as district captain of Braunau am Inn and as security director of Upper Austria in 1933 and 1934. Oldenbourg, Munich 1981, ISBN 3-486-50121- 6 . (Studies and sources on Austrian contemporary history; Vol. 3).
  6. ^ Gerhard Jagschitz : The detention camps in Austria. In: Ludwig Jedlicka , Rudolf Neck (ed.): From the Justizpalast to Heldenplatz. Studies and documentation 1927 to 1938. Österreichische Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1975, (pp. 128–151), p. 135.
  7. Walter Wiltschegg, p. 146.
  8. Harry Slapnicka: Upper Austria - The political leadership 1918 to 1938. Oberösterreichischer Landesverlag, Linz 1976, p. 207.
  9. ^ Wolfgang Neugebauer , Peter Schwarz: Barbed wire, loaded with death ... The first Austrian transport to the Dachau concentration camp in 1938. Vienna 2008.
  10. ^ Gudula Walterskirchen : Blue blood for Austria. Revertera private archive, Helfenberg Palace, Vienna 2000; DÖW files 2162.
  11. ^ Gudula Walterskirchen: Revertera, Ida. Countess and resistance fighter, Princess Schwarzenberg. on: univie.ac.at .
  12. ^ Conference of Security Directors. In:  Innsbrucker Nachrichten , October 9, 1935, p. 1 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / ibn