Peter von Bradke

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Peter von Bradke (born June 27, 1853 in St. Petersburg , † March 7, 1897 in Giessen ) was a linguist and Sanskritist . The now outdated theory goes back to him that the Indo-European original language was initially divided into the Satem languages in the east and the Kentum languages in the west.

Life

Peter von Bradke was the son of the curator Georg Friedrich von Bradke from his second marriage in 1852 to Luise Lucie von Saß (1827–1861). He spent his youth in Dorpat (Tartu), studied from 1871 to 1875 at the University of Tartu classical and Germanic philology as well as comparative linguistics with Leo Meyer . From 1876 to 1878 he studied further with Rudolf von Roth in Tübingen . From 1878 to 1884 he lived mostly in Jena , where he mainly studied Indian philology. After several illnesses, studies of art history followed in Munich (1879–80). In 1882 he received his doctorate in Jena with a thesis: "About the Mānava-Grhya-Sūtra" . In 1884 he qualified as a professor at the University of Gießen for Sanskrit and comparative linguistic research. In 1886 he was appointed associate professor there and in 1893 full professor for these subjects and held this position until his death.

His first major work was the book "Dyâus Asura, Ahura Mazdâ and the Asuras" (Halle 1885). It was used to prove that, as with the Romans and Greeks, the sky god Ζεὺς πατήρ, Juppiter, was the highest god among the ancestors of the Indians and Iranians, Dyâus or pitar asura. This view has prevailed and is now scientific consensus, whereby the name of the supreme (heaven) god of the early Indo-Europeans is reconstructed as * dyeus phtér , cf. proto-Germanic * tiwaz from IE. * deiwós "God" (Source: Euler / Baden Heuer (2009), p 67).

Bradke's most extensive work “On Method and Results of Aryan Classical Studies” (Gießen 1890) is essentially a criticism of Otto Schrader's publication “Linguistic Comparison and Prehistory” , which was published in 1883 and had met with great approval. Bradke also represented the thesis mentioned at the beginning of the primary separation of Proto-Indo-European into Satem and Kentum languages, which initially met with a great deal of approval, from around 1920 onwards with progressive research into Tocharian , a Kentum language, and further studies - for example that of around 1900 in Anatolia discovered Hittites - but was considered refuted (cf. Euler / Badenheuer (2009), pp. 36–38). Texts in the Tocharian language were discovered in the far north-west of China from 1890 , and in 1908 the language was classified as Indo-European.

Works

  • Ahura Mazdâ and the Asuras: A Contribution to Knowledge of Ancient Indo-European Religious History , 1884
  • Dyâus Asurâ, Ahura Mazda and the Asuras , 1885
  • Contributions to the history of ancient Indian religion and language , 1886
  • About Aryan antiquity and the peculiarity of our language stock: Academic inaugural speech on July 14, 1888 , 1888
  • Contributions to the knowledge of the prehistoric development of our linguistic tribe , 1888
  • On the method and results of Aryan (Indo-European) antiquity , 1890

swell

  • L. v. Schroeder, Nordlivländische Zeitung, 8./20. March 1897
  • H. Hirt, supplement. z. Münch. General Newspaper, March 30, 1897
  • Streitberg, Indo-European Research, Anzeiger VIII, 369
  • H. Haupt, biographer. Yearbook and German Nekrolog II, 177
  • R. Thurneysen, Annual Progress Report d. clas. Antiquities 1899, CIII, 54 ff
  • Fig. In the German Digital Library

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Nicolai von Essen (ed.): Genealogical manual of the Oeselschen Ritterschaft. Tartu 1935 (digitized version) , p. 41
personal data
SURNAME Bradke, Peter von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Linguist and Sanskritist
DATE OF BIRTH June 27, 1853
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH March 7, 1897
Place of death to water