European pipe bush
European pipe bush | ||||||||||||
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![]() European pipe bush ( Philadelphus coronarius ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Philadelphus coronarius | ||||||||||||
L. |
The European whistle bush ( Philadelphus coronarius ), also known as pale whistle bush , false jasmine , summer jasmine or farmer's jasmine , is a species of the hydrangea family (Hydrangeaceae).
The species is native to Southeastern Europe and Italy. It is a common ornamental shrub in gardens and parks.
description
The European pipe bush is a deciduous shrub that reaches heights of growth of up to 4 m. The twigs have a light brown, rough bark . The oppositely arranged, stalked leaves are light green, elliptical, slightly toothed , 6 to 12 centimeters long and up to 5 cm wide.
Five to ten flowers sit together on short shoots in terminal racemose inflorescences . The strongly fragrant, radial symmetry , hermaphrodite flowers are four-fold and have a diameter of 3 centimeters. The four sepals are green. The four white, free petals are 12 to 18 millimeters long; they are right-covering in the bud position. The numerous stamens are yellow. The flowering time is early summer. Longitudinally opening capsule fruits are formed, which are divided into four, about 1.5 centimeters long and contain many 3 millimeter long seeds.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26.
ecology
The flowers smell strong and pleasant, but often only in the evening and then particularly intense. They are pre-female " nectar- bearing disc flowers". On the ovary connected to the base of the flower is grown, is the nectar container. Pollinators are all kinds of insects . The flowering time is early summer.
Fruits are dry capsules with numerous seeds that are formed from the underlying ovary and are distributed as wind spreaders. In addition, people spread, so that the species became a cultural relict. Fruit ripens from September to October.
The shoots are often mass infested by the black bean louse, Aphis fabae , whole branches can turn black. This louse needs a change of host and can also be found on broad beans , gossip poppies and beets.
sorts
There are varieties with single or double flowers. Here is a selection of varieties :
- 'Aureus': is a small shrub that is only about 1.1 m tall with yellowish leaves. The white flowers have an intense, sweet fragrance.
- 'Nanus' = 'Pumilus'
- 'Variegatus'
- 'Zeyheri': Grows up to 4 m high; with unfilled, bright, snow-white, fragrant flowers.
- 'Bouquet Blanc', hybrid
- 'Dame Blanche', hybrid
- 'Erectus', hybrid
- 'Girandole', hybrid
- 'Manteau d'Hermine', hybrid
- 'Mont-Blanc', hybrid
- 'Natchez', hybrid
- 'Snowstorm', hybrid
The Lemoine ( Philadelphus × lemoinei ) is a cross between the European pipe bush ( Philadelphus coronarius ) and the small-leaved pipe bush ( Philadelphus microphyllus ) achieved by the French plant breeder Victor Lemoine , which has become an ancestor of many varieties; here is a selection:
- 'Avalanche'
- 'Belle Etoile'
- 'Innocence'
Philadelphus × virginalis is another hybrid within the genus; also here a selection of varieties:
- 'Minnesota Snowflake', hybrid
- 'Virginal', hybrid
literature
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
- Peter A. Schmidt, Ulrich Hecker: Taschenlexikon der Gehölze , Quelle & Meyer, 2009, ISBN 978-3-494-01448-7
Individual evidence
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 493.
Web links
- European pipe bush. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- Philadelphus coronarius L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved November 3, 2015.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Profile at baumkunde.de (German)