European pipe bush

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European pipe bush
European pipe bush (Philadelphus coronarius)

European pipe bush ( Philadelphus coronarius )

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Asterids
Order : Dogwood-like (Cornales)
Family : Hydrangea family (Hydrangeaceae)
Genre : Pipe bushes ( Philadelphus )
Type : European pipe bush
Scientific name
Philadelphus coronarius
L.
Pipe bush in Saxony in early June
Pipe bush in full bloom with enlarged flowers (top right)

The European whistle bush ( Philadelphus coronarius ), also known as pale whistle bush , false jasmine , summer jasmine or farmer's jasmine , is a species of the hydrangea family (Hydrangeaceae).

The species is native to Southeastern Europe and Italy. It is a common ornamental shrub in gardens and parks.

description

The European pipe bush is a deciduous shrub that reaches heights of growth of up to 4 m. The twigs have a light brown, rough bark . The oppositely arranged, stalked leaves are light green, elliptical, slightly toothed , 6 to 12 centimeters long and up to 5 cm wide.

Five to ten flowers sit together on short shoots in terminal racemose inflorescences . The strongly fragrant, radial symmetry , hermaphrodite flowers are four-fold and have a diameter of 3 centimeters. The four sepals are green. The four white, free petals are 12 to 18 millimeters long; they are right-covering in the bud position. The numerous stamens are yellow. The flowering time is early summer. Longitudinally opening capsule fruits are formed, which are divided into four, about 1.5 centimeters long and contain many 3 millimeter long seeds.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26.

ecology

The flowers smell strong and pleasant, but often only in the evening and then particularly intense. They are pre-female " nectar- bearing disc flowers". On the ovary connected to the base of the flower is grown, is the nectar container. Pollinators are all kinds of insects . The flowering time is early summer.

Fruits are dry capsules with numerous seeds that are formed from the underlying ovary and are distributed as wind spreaders. In addition, people spread, so that the species became a cultural relict. Fruit ripens from September to October.

The shoots are often mass infested by the black bean louse, Aphis fabae , whole branches can turn black. This louse needs a change of host and can also be found on broad beans , gossip poppies and beets.

sorts

There are varieties with single or double flowers. Here is a selection of varieties :

  • 'Aureus': is a small shrub that is only about 1.1 m tall with yellowish leaves. The white flowers have an intense, sweet fragrance.
  • 'Nanus' = 'Pumilus'
  • 'Variegatus'
  • 'Zeyheri': Grows up to 4 m high; with unfilled, bright, snow-white, fragrant flowers.
  • 'Bouquet Blanc', hybrid
  • 'Dame Blanche', hybrid
  • 'Erectus', hybrid
  • 'Girandole', hybrid
  • 'Manteau d'Hermine', hybrid
  • 'Mont-Blanc', hybrid
  • 'Natchez', hybrid
  • 'Snowstorm', hybrid

The Lemoine ( Philadelphus × lemoinei ) is a cross between the European pipe bush ( Philadelphus coronarius ) and the small-leaved pipe bush ( Philadelphus microphyllus ) achieved by the French plant breeder Victor Lemoine , which has become an ancestor of many varieties; here is a selection:

  • 'Avalanche'
  • 'Belle Etoile'
  • 'Innocence'

Philadelphus × virginalis is another hybrid within the genus; also here a selection of varieties:

  • 'Minnesota Snowflake', hybrid
  • 'Virginal', hybrid

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 493.

Web links

Commons : European Pipe Bush ( Philadelphus coronarius )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files