Phreatobius
| Phreatobius | ||||||||||||
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previously undescribed Phreatobius species |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||||
| Phreatobiidae | ||||||||||||
| Reichel, 1927 | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Phreatobius | ||||||||||||
| Goeldi , 1905 |
Phreatobius ( Gr .: "Phrear" = well or source + "bios" = living) is a species of fish from the order of the catfish-like (Siluriformes), which occurs disjointly in northern and central South America and lives underground in wells and springs.
features
Phreatobius species are small, worm-shaped and conspicuously red or purple colored fish that reach a maximum length of 3.8 to 5.5 cm. The animals differed from all other catfish by a number of morphological characteristics. These include an upper mouth visible from above with a protruding lower jaw, numerous (42-50) dorsal and (22-26) ventral tributaries in front of the rounded caudal fin, which connects it to the dorsal and anal fin and forms a continuous fin border. In addition, three or fewer pleural ribs and an elongated parapophysis (process on the underside of vertebrae) on the eighth vertebra. An adipose fin is missing. All anal rays are unbranched. The eyes on the top of the head are small; their diameter is only 2 to 6% of the head length.
Systematics
Phreatobius has a long history of different taxonomic assignments behind and was made in the past in seven different catfish families in the Slickheads (Trichomycteridae), the gill bag catfishes (Clariidae) that cetopsidae (Cetopsidae), the eel and coral catfish (Plotosidae) the Olyridae , the catfish (Pimelodidae) and the Heptapteridae to which Phreatobius as a sister species of Gladioglanis heard in most of today's classifications. However, DNA comparisons show that Phreatobius has been developing independently for a very long time and is the sister genus of a clade from the antenna catfish and the great-mouth catfish .
The cladogram clarifies the family relationships within the Pimelodoidea:
| Pimelodoidea |
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The following three species are assigned to the genus:
- Phreatobius cisternarum Goeldi , 1905 ( type species ), from underground watercourses on the island of Marajó in the mouth of the Amazon.
- Phreatobius dracunculus Shibatta, Muriel-Cunha & de Pinna , 2007 , from an artificial fountain in Rio Pardo in southern Brazil.
- Phreatobius sanguijuela Fernández, Saucedo, Carvajal-Vallejos & Schaefer , 2007 , from an artificial well near the Río Paraguá , a tributary of the Río Iténez in Bolivia.
literature
- John P. Sullivan (2013): Phylogenetic Relationships and Molecular Dating of the Major Groups of Catfishes of the Neotropical Superfamily Pimelodoidea (Teleostei, Siluriformes) Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 162 (1): 89-110. doi: 10.1635 / 053.162.0106
- Janice Muriel-Cunha, Mário de Pinna (2005). New data on Cistern Catfish, Phreatobius cisternarum , from subterranean waters at the mouth of the Amazon River (Siluriformes, Incertae Sedis) (PDF; 677 kB). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo) Volume 45 (26): 327–339.
Web links
- Phreatobius on Fishbase.org (English)