Physocalymma scaberrimum
| Physocalymma scaberrimum | ||||||||||||
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Physocalymma scaberrimum |
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Physocalymma | ||||||||||||
| Pohl | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Physocalymma scaberrimum | ||||||||||||
| Pohl |
Physocalymma scaberrimum is a tree in the loosestrife family from northwestern Brazil to Peru and Ecuador . It is the only species in the Physocalymma genus.
description
Physocalymma scaberrimum grows as a deciduous tree up to about 25 meters high. The trunk diameter reaches up to 50 centimeters. The thick bark is brownish and furrowed to flaky.
The simple, leathery and stalked, almost bare leaves are cross-opposite or rarely arranged in a whorl. The fine, wire-haired petiole is up to 1.5 centimeters long. The rough, scaly leaves with entire margins are ovate, lanceolate to elliptical, lanceolate or obovate, lanceolate. They are rounded to pointed or pointed at the tip and blunt to pointed at the base. They are 4–10.5 inches long and 3–6.5 inches wide. The veins are pinnate with slightly curved side veins.
Terminal clusters or, more rarely, compound clusters, thyrses are formed. There are sloping bracts formed. The stalked and fragrant flowers are 8 (-9) numbered with a double flower envelope . There are two, quite durable, small pre-leaves . The multi-veined, striped, up to 13 millimeters long, purple-colored and finely coarse-haired calyx is cup-shaped with small, expansive to recessed, triangular tips. The protruding, short nailed and pink to reddish-purple petals, with a rhombic, wavy-wrinkled plate are about 16 millimeters in size and often indented at the tip. There are 24–28 protruding stamens of unequal length, the epipetal are shorter than the episepal. The four-chambered, -lappige ovary is slightly recessed, upper constant with a long, red to pink pen with small capitate stigma . The flowers appear before the leaves.
There are many-seeded, about 1.7-2.5 centimeters large, brown capsule fruits that open at the tip, formed in an inflated, permanent and urn-shaped, papery calyx. The flat seeds are winged short all around and 3.5–4.5 millimeters long with wings.
Taxonomy
The first description of the genus Physocalymma and the species Physocalymma scaberrimum was made in 1827 by Johann Baptist Emanuel Pohl in Flora 10 (1): 152, 153. Synonyms are Diplusodon arboreus Poepp. & Endl. Poepp , Lafoensia scaberrima . ex Koehne and Physocalymma floridum Pohl .
use
The rather heavy, hard wood is beige and not ironwood , it is known as Pao, Pau (de) Rosa (s) , Brazillian rosewood , Brazilian rosewood . It used to be incorrectly named as the source of the reddish Bahia rosewood , hence the misnomer rosewood , which has been preserved.
literature
- Harri Lorenzi: Árvores Brasileiras. Vol. 2, Instituto Plantarum, 1998, ISBN 85-86714-07-0 , p. 222, online at StuDocu.
- K. Kubitzki : The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol.IX : Flowering Plants Eudicots , Springer, 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-32214-6 , pp. 235, 241 f.
- A. Lourteig : Flora of Ecuador. 135: Lythraceae , 1989, p. 32.
- A. Engler : The plant kingdom. IV, 216: Lythraceae , Engelmann, 1903, pp. 209 f, Fig. 39, online at Biblioteca Digital Real Jardín Botánico - CSIC.
- SS Costa de Oliveira, CP Cunha Filho, LR Sousa, SJ Silva Cruz: Caracterização morfométrica de sementes, frutos e plântulas e germinação de sementes de Physocalymma scaberrimum Pohl. In: Rev. de Ciências Agrárias. Vol.41, No.2, 2018, doi: 10.19084 / RCA17210 .
Web links
- Physocalymma scaberrimum at Useful Tropical Plants.
- Physocalymma scaberrimum at Árvores do Bioma Cerrado.