Bristle spruce
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Bristle Spruce ( Picea asperata ) |
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The bristle spruce ( Picea asperata ) is a species from the pine family (Pinaceae). It is native to China .
description
The bristle spruce grows as an evergreen tree that can reach heights of up to 45 meters and diameters of up to 1 meter at chest height . The gray-brown trunk bark is furrowed and divided into irregularly large, rough plates. The hairy or hairless bark of the twigs is initially brownish yellow or reddish brown and turns brown or brownish gray into the second year.
The resinous winter buds are conical to conical-ovoid. The slightly curved, mostly blue-green needles are linearly shaped with a length of 1 to 2 centimeters and a width of around 0.1 to 0.2 centimeters and have a square to diamond-shaped cross section. Its tip is pointed and slightly piercing. There are four to eight stoma lines on each needle side .
The bristle spruce is single-sexed ( monoecious ) and the flowering period extends from April to May. The cones are elongated-elliptical to cylindrical in shape with a length of 5 to 16 centimeters and a thickness of 2.5 to 3.5 centimeters. They are initially green in color and turn light brown to reddish brown as they ripen in September or October. The seed scales rarely have a two-lobed tip, are obovate and about 2 centimeters long and 1.5 centimeters wide. Their margins are whole or toothed. The elliptical seeds are about 4 millimeters long and have an elongated, obovate wing, which is about 11 millimeters long.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Distribution and location
The natural range of the bristle spruce is in China. It includes eastern and southern Gansu , northern Ningxia , Qinghai , southwest Shaanxi and Sichuan . In Qinghai one finds the species northeast of the Qinghai Lake and in Ningxia it occurs in the Helan Mountains . It is questionable whether the species also occurs in southeastern Xizang .
The bristle spruce thrives at altitudes of 2400 to 3600 meters. The species grows mainly in mountains and along river valleys.
Picea asperata is classified as "not endangered" in the IUCN Red List . It is pointed out, however, that a new review of the hazard is necessary.
use
The wood of the bristle spruce is used as construction wood , for the production of furniture, airplanes, railway sleepers and for the extraction of wood fibers. Aroma oils are made from the needles, twigs and roots, and resin is extracted from the trunk .
Systematics
Picea asperata is assigned to the subgenus Picea , the section Picea , the subsection Picea and the series Asperatae within the genus of the spruce trees ( Picea ) .
It was first described as Picea asperata in 1906 by Maxwell Tylden Masters in Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany , Volume 37 (262), pages 419-420.
The species is divided into up to five varieties :
- Picea asperata var. Asperata is the nominate form . It occurs from eastern Qinghai to the Helan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.
- Picea asperata var. Aurantiaca (Mast.) Boom occurs in a small area west of Kangding County in Sichuan . This variety is fattened by some authors as an independent species Picea aurantiaca . viewed.
- Picea asperata var. Notabilis Rehder & EHWilson (Syn .: Picea asperata var. Heterolepis (Rehder & EH Wilson) Rehder , Picea heterolepis Rehder & EH Wilson ) comes in the mountains Located in western Sichuan circle Guan Xian before.
- Picea asperata var. Ponderosa Rehder & EHWilson : It occurs in western Sichuan.
- Picea asperata var. Retroflexa (mast.) WC Cheng is considered by some authors as an independent species Picea retroflexa mast. viewed. It occurs in western Sichuan.
swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Picea asperata. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 27, 2012, accessed May 30, 2013 (English).
- Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias, Robert R. Mill: Pinaceae . Picea. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , Picea asperata , pp. 27 ( Picea asperata - Online - this printed work is online with the same text).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Christopher J. Earle: Picea asperata. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 27, 2012, accessed May 30, 2013 (English).
- ↑ a b c d e f g Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias, Robert R. Mill: Pinaceae . Picea. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , Picea asperata , pp. 27 ( Picea asperata - Online - this printed work is online with the same text).
- ↑ a b c d e Picea asperata at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 1, 2016.
- ↑ Picea asperata in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2012. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Accessed May 30, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Picea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 15, 2019.
