Pipinsburg (Sievern)
| Pipinsburg | ||
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| Geographical location | 53 ° 39 '28.4 " N , 8 ° 36' 37.6" E | |
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The Pipinsburg was a castle that was located on the north bank of the "Sieverner Aue", a few hundred meters north of Sievern , a district of Geestland in what is now the district of Cuxhaven .
Location and building history
location
The castle is located on the western edge of the Geestrücke Hohe Lieth , which is cut through at this point by the Sieverner Aue. Before the Wurster Marsch was dyed, the Sievener Aue would have been navigable from the Weser. The roughly circular facility has a diameter of almost 60 meters and is surrounded by a ring wall, which is still about six meters high today. No further fortification was necessary towards the edge of the Geest, while inland between the outer bailey, which extends about 250 m in a north-easterly direction, and the main castle, further ramparts and ditches secured access. The outer bailey itself was protected by a low wall with a moat or the Sieverner Aue.
history
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The location of the castle at the entrance of a waterway inland corresponds to the order of Charlemagne and his successors to secure the coast of Saxony against the Vikings in this way. Evidence that the system dates from Carolingian times has not yet been found. According to the finds made by Agahd, Schuchhardt and Hofmeister between 1906 and 1908 and Aust 1978, the medieval castle was built shortly before or around 1000 and dates from the time of Otto III.
Presumably the castle was destroyed when the Wurster Frisians ousted the nobility on the Geest in 1256. In 1343 the Knights of Bederkesa agreed with Archbishop Burchard Grelle of Bremen to re- fortify Siverdesborg and gave him half the castle. Although only remains of wooden foundations were found during the excavations, there must have been extensive stone fortifications. In 1864 it is reported that many stones were previously fetched from the wall ring of the main castle. In 1880/90, the community leader of Sievern tried to prevent the removal of further stones on the southern wall and the outer bailey. Shortly after the reconstruction, the castle will have been finally razed by the Wurster Friesen. As early as 1346, the knights at Elmlohe Castle - a side line of the Knights of Bederkesa - built their own church because of their mortal hostility with the sausage friezes in their village.
East of the castle is about a kilometer away, also north of the Sieverner Aue, the much older Heidenschanze and the Heidenstadt .
Surname
The name Pipinsburg is found for the first time in 1604 on a map in the work Urbis Bremae et Praefectuaru by Wilhelm Dilich . It is not historical as it would otherwise be recorded in the property registers of the neighboring Neuenwalde monastery from the 16th century. In keeping with the Pipinsburg, the neighboring Heidenschanze was also called Karlsburg in the following centuries. In the vernacular there was talk of an Ol Borg , while the documents from 1343 referred to a Syverdesborch . Since the excavations from 1906 to 1908 only found around 1000, it was initially assumed that the Pipinsburg was not identical to the Sieverdesburg. The latter was suspected to be in Sievern because of a field name Op de Borg . After Hans Aust found traces of settlement from the 14th century in the Pipinsburg in 1976, based on the findings and the sources, it is assumed that the Sieverdesburg is identical to the Pipinsburg.
According to an interpretation of the name, it is assumed that the castle was called Pipsburg or Pipingsburg before 1600 . The English term “to peep” for spying , leaching and watching found a similar equivalent as an Anglo-Saxon word in Low German . The sense of the word was lost over time and so the name in memory of Charlemagne was associated with the Carolingian house celebrations or King Pippin because of the similarity of the name .
Lords of the castle
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In 1219 the noblemen and later counts of Diepholz founded a nunnery on their inheritance in Midlum , which was relocated to Altenwalde in 1282 and to Neuenwalde in 1334, where it still exists today as an evangelical dynasty of the knights of the former duchies of Bremen and Verden. Since Midlum is only seven kilometers north of the Pipinsburg, it was previously assumed that the Pipinsburg was the original ancestral seat of the Diepholz family, which they gave up when the monastery was founded. Since the Knights of Bederkesa left half the castle to the Archbishop in 1343, it must have been their allodial property. Around the Pipinsburg on the Geestrücken Hohe Lieth they owned extensive property and other rights, which they sold piece by piece to the Neuenwalde monastery, whose provosts they often provided, or left to take in female family members. According to tradition around 1500, the Lords of Bederkesa , who as treasurers belonged to the most important lower nobility families of the Archbishopric of Bremen, were of noble origin before they entered the ministerial office of the archbishop in the 12th century. Since, in the late Middle Ages, the pertinence of Bederkesa Castle included a third of the income from the Wursten Court on Sieverdesham (later Klenkenham), current research suggests that the Lords of Bederkesa originally came from the Pipinsburg.
Myths and legends
- Themeln
literature
- Hans Aust : Ole Borg - Siverdesburg - Pipinsburg . Niederdeutsches Heimatblatt, bulletin of the men from Morgenstern No. 345 (Sept. 1978)
- Hans Aust: The prehistory and early history of the district of Cuxhaven, Part I Altkreis Wesermünde , Diss. Univ. Hamburg (typewritten) 1982, Sievern community no. 188 Burgwall, Die "Pipinsburg" , p. 633 f
- Johannes Göhler: Ways of faith, contributions to a church history of the country between Elbe and Weser , Stade 2006, ISBN 978-3-931879-26-6 , cap. The Pipinsburg - Fights and fates around the medieval ramparts [p. 129-145]
- Dieter Riemer : The Pipinsburg prope villam dictam Syverden , Bremerhaven 2010, ISBN 978-3-86918-019-9 .
- Burchard Scheper: Medieval mills near Wehden, the Fehrmoor and the Siverdesburg , Yearbook of Men from Morgenstern 49 (1968) pp. 81-91
- Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The Pipinsburg near Sievern , pp. 87-89, in: If stones could talk. Volume I, Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1989, ISBN 3-7842-03973 .
- Iris Aufderhaar: Sievern Cultural Center? in: Babette Ludowici (Ed.): Saxones , Theiss, Darmstadt 2019, pp. 166–167
Web links
- Entry by Michaela Jansen about Pipinsburg near Sievern in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Sievern prehistory
Individual evidence
- ^ Friedrich Kühlken : Between Niederweser and Niederelbe . Ed .: District teachers association Stade, 1950.
- ↑ Pertinence . In: Heinrich August Pierer , Julius Löbe (Hrsg.): Universal Lexicon of the Present and the Past . 4th edition. tape 12 . Altenburg 1861, p. 877 ( zeno.org ).
- ^ The sagas of the country of Wursten - Themeln on YouTube , accessed on August 12, 2020.