Bad Bederkesa

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City of Geestland
Bad Bederkesa coat of arms
Coordinates: 53 ° 37 ′ 37 ″  N , 8 ° 49 ′ 49 ″  E
Height : 0 m above sea level NHN
Area : 43.17 km²
Residents : 5733  (June 30, 2017)
Population density : 133 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 2015
Postal code : 27624
Area code : 04745
Bad Bederkesa (Lower Saxony)
Bad Bederkesa

Location of Bad Bederkesa in Lower Saxony
Bad Bederkesa in the city of Geestland
Bad Bederkesa in the city of Geestland

Bad Bederkesa , (pronunciation: emphasis on the 3rd syllable, Beder ke sa) climatic health resort and mud spa ( Beers in Low German ), is a town in the city of Geestland in the Lower Saxony district of Cuxhaven .

geography

Geographical location

Bad Bederkesa is located in the northern Elbe-Weser triangle approx. 20 km east of Bremerhaven . The place is on the Bederkesaer See , on the Hadelner Canal and on the Bederkesa-Geeste Canal . Together with the Geeste , the canals form the Elbe-Weser shipping route .

Trees (Begrabenholz, fountains wood, Holzurburg, Spitzackerhol, Zechholz) dot the village area.

Local division

Neighboring places

Fowling Steinau
(combined municipality of Land Hadeln )
Bad Bederkesa - Fickmühlen district Neighboring communities Bad Bederkesa - Ankelohe district
Drangstedt

Kührstedt 		Kührstedt - Alfstedt district Linty

(Source:)

history

Surname

Bad Bederkesa and NSG Fleckenshölzer (2019)

Bederkesa is located in the historical landscape of Wigmodi , which in texts of the 9th century ( Vita Sancti Willehadi , Miracula Sancti Willehadi and Chronicle of Moissac ) is usually referred to as a province, less often as a pagus (Gau) and stretched from the Lower Weser to the Lower Elbe . From the late 11th to the early 13th century, the north of the Elbe-Weser triangle was also referred to as "Haduloha", derived from a place ( Latin: locus) on the Hohen Lieth , probably with a harbor that has now silted up. The Gau Haduloha postulated by local researchers in the 19th and early 20th centuries never existed.

The name Bederkesa - more correctly Bederichs-Ahe - goes back to a knight Bederich who owned an Ahe , a manor forest here . His descendants built Bederkesa Castle on the south-western shore of the lake. The name was retained and later passed on to the place.

Lords of Bederkesa

Bederkesa Castle courtyard

Bederkesa is mentioned in early documents mostly in connection with the knight family of the same name. The family split into numerous branches, which, with the determination of a common senior, managed to rule their territory together for a long time. At times nine different families, branches of this knight dynasty and their squires , lived in the castle at the same time.

The Lords of Bederkesa were employed as servants of the archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen as early as the turn of the millennium and gained special importance in the high Middle Ages in the confluence of the Elbe and Weser rivers. They had rich property and other income in the Ringstedt Börde. Perhaps their ancestral home was on the north bank of the Bederkesaer See in Holzurburg , where there is still a spacious square lined with ramparts and ditches, whose real name and original meaning are unknown.

The Lords of Bederkesa are first mentioned in an archiepiscopal document. In 1159 Marcward de Bederkesa appeared as a witness under a document issued by Archbishop Hartwig I. von Stade (1148–1168). Five lords of Bederkesa belonged to the canons of Bremen cathedral in the 13th century , Erich von Bederkesa was archdeacon of Rüstringen , and Rudolf von Bederkesa was even dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter.

In 1295 the Lords of Bederkesa founded the local St. Jakobi Church and provided it with rich income. From then on Bederkesa was considered a subsidiary of the mother church in Ringstedt, to whose parish it previously belonged. A squire, Gevehard von Bederkesa, gave the church a rye harvest in nearby Flögeln out of veneration . There is no doubt that Bederkesa formed a larger street settlement in connection with the stately castle and parish church as early as the Middle Ages, so it represents a different type of settlement than the many clustered villages of the Geest . In this respect, the name “Flecken” reflects the town-like character of the place, in which almost every handicraft was represented in addition to agriculture. A market in Bederkesa is mentioned in a document as early as 1339.

In the 15th century, the once widespread family of the Knights of Bederkesa fell silent. Almost the entire property was now in strange hands or was in debt. The city of Bremen was the owner of the office and castle from 1421. With Arndt von Bederkesa, the family died out in 1499. The castle formed a center around which diverse life gathered, which could develop its own existence independently.

16./17. century

Bederkesa in the Urbis Bremae Typus et Chronicon (1603)

Various powers were now interested in the Bederkesa area. At times it was ruled jointly by the Duchy of Saxony-Lauenburg and the city ​​of Bremen , but ultimately by this alone.

Bederkesa town and office flourished economically in the 16th century. Bremen granted the citizens various rights: They were allowed to brew beer and distill schnapps and sell them in the whole office and in other areas. Trade and industry enjoyed a particular boom. A market was allowed to be held, and any craft could be located in the village. The City Council of Bremen installed Reformed preachers in the six parishes of the Bederkesa office and through visits by councilors ensured that only the Reformed creed was valid in Ringstedt, Bederkesa, Flögeln, Debstedt, Holßel and Lehe. On the altars of these places, tablets were used instead of sculptures. Only Elmlohe remained Lutheran .

Until the end of the 16th century, the Bremen City Council installed Bremen citizens as bailiffs in Bederkesa for a rent . Then the city took over the rule on its own. As a sign of jurisdiction, Bremen had the Roland built in the courtyard in 1602 . The coats of arms of the figures accompanying Roland are reminiscent of Bremen council families who worked here as officials. The key on the Bederkesa coat of arms recalls the time of the Bremen rule in the office.

Bremen succeeded in Thirty Years War even stains and office Bederkesa more than other areas in the Archbishopric of Bremen before looting and arson to preserve.

In the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the previous Archdiocese of Bremen was awarded to the Swedish Crown . Bremen, however, refused to cede its territories. In the First Bremen-Swedish War , Sweden, a great power, took what it considered to be its property by force in 1654. Among them was the Bederkesa office. The Swedish kingdom now also intended to make the previously Reformed churches Lutheran in office. This succeeded only in part, because the congregations resisted the forced Lutheranism. The Reformed Confession has been preserved in Holßel, Lehe and Ringstedt to this day. The Bederkesa office came in 1661 with its income for a sum of 40,000  Reichstalers in the pledge of General Field Marshal Count Hans Christoph von Königsmarck . In the years that followed, the castle was the residence of Königsmarck's wife and his granddaughters, including the famous Aurora .

From the 18th century until today

Captain Evil

At the beginning of the 18th century, Sweden lost under Charles XII. his position as a major European power in the Northern War . The Electorate of Hanover acquired the duchies of Bremen and Verden of Sweden in 1720 for a sum of 1,090,000 Reichstalers. It was only after long negotiations that the von Königsmarck family's rights at Amte Bederkesa were redeemed in 1735 against reimbursement of the pledge from Kurhannover. The population showed only slight fluctuations in the Hanoverian era, which lasted about 150 years, and ranged between 1000 and 1300 people.

The Bederkesa District Court was formed in 1852 , but was dissolved again in 1859. Captain Böse , the son of a Bremen sugar manufacturer, was a striking personality . He had fought against Napoléon Bonaparte with his own unit ; now he took up residence here in the well wood. He became a benefactor for the place and the Sietland , which was below sea level and whose inhabitants had to suffer constant flooding. The Hadelner Canal was built through his initiative . In 1834 he founded the Elbe and Weser rifle guild - later the Bederkesa rifle club . In 1876 Bederkesa received a royal teachers' seminar at Brunnenholz and in 1896 a rail link to Bremerhaven .

The small half-timbered church in the center of the village had become too small for the growing population. It was torn down and the current neo-Gothic church was built in its place in 1861. It was built by the Bremen architect Simon Loschen , who also had the Mayor Smidt Memorial Church built in Bremerhaven.

After the Kingdom of Hanover became a Prussian province in 1866 , the official seat was moved to Lehe.

In 1927 the teachers' seminar became the Lower Saxony boarding high school that still exists today. Bederkesa developed into a health resort and mud baths and carries since October 1, 1996, the name Bad .

Incorporations

On January 1, 1970, Ankelohe joined Bederkesa. On March 1, 1974, the neighboring community of Fickmühlen was incorporated.

On January 1, 2015, Bad Bederkesa formed the new city of Geestland with the other municipalities of the combined municipality of Bederkesa and the city of Langen .

Population development

Population development of Bad Bederkesa from 1885 to 2017
year Residents source
1885 1366
1910 1672
1925 1631
1933 1739
1939 1898
1950 3291
1956 3104
1961 03328 1
1970 03775 2
1973 3777
1975 03978 3
1980 04012 3
1985 04013 3
year Residents source
1987 4221 3
1990 4320 3
1992 4474 3
1995 4870 3
1997 5079 3
2000 5215 3
2002 5207 3
2005 5072 3
2007 4995 3
2010 4993 3
2013 5227 3
2014 5259 3
2017 5733 4

1 census results from June 6th (including Fickmühlen)
2 census results from May 27th (including Fickmühlen)
3 as of December 31st
4 according to the infobox

politics

Local council

The local council of Bad Bederkesa consists of three councilors and six councilors. The local council also has two advisory members (CDU, Greens).

(Status: local election September 11, 2016)

Local mayor

The local mayor of Bad Bederkesa is Uwe Bischoff (CDU). His deputy is Thomas Kuberski (CDU).

coat of arms

The design of the municipal coat of arms of Bad Bederkesa comes from the heraldist and coat of arms painter Gustav Völker , who designed around 25 coats of arms in the district of Cuxhaven.

Bad Bederkesa coat of arms
 Blazon : "In red over a growing , golden lion, a lying, right-turning silver key ."
Justification of the coat of arms: The coat of arms reminds of the seal of the former Bederkesa office. The key is borrowed from the coat of arms of the city of Bremen , which has belonged to the official area - in part since 1381 - until 1654.

Culture and sights

Bederkesa windmill

Buildings

Museums

  • Museum Burg Bederkesa in the moated castle: Museum for archeology and cultural history in the district of Cuxhaven. The museum was established in 1982 and shows rich finds from the district of Cuxhaven from the 4th millennium to modern times. The exceptionally well-preserved wood finds from the Wurt settlements from the 1st to 5th centuries are particularly impressive
  • Museum railway: Historic railway line from Bederkesa to Bremerhaven . The branch line, which for decades was not used for passenger traffic, has been operated as a museum railway in the style of the 1950s since 2000
  • Museum of Crafts : The museum opened in the summer of 1998. The sponsorship was taken over by the 14 guilds with 22 craft professions, Bremerhaven Wesermünde District Craftsmen Association. The museum offers an insight into the various craft trades and their history, including items from carpenters, rope makers, typesetters and printers, fishermen, typesetters, watchmakers and much more. The various professions will be demonstrated on announced action days
  • Local history museum "Jan Christopher Hus": in Flögeln; historical, craft and cultural implements of life in the past

sport and freetime

  • Gymnastics and sports club Bederkesa from 1896
  • Bederkesa water sports club
  • Bederkesa fishing club
  • Bederkesa shooting club from 1834
  • Moor-Therme (sports, adventure and wellness pool with sauna area), opened on April 4, 2004

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

In particular, tourism in Bad Bederkesa and associated facilities such as the Bederkesa Camping Park with over 500 parking spaces are promoted. Every year, the Beerster trade association appoints a sunflower queen and a sunflower princess to promote vacations in the Samtgemeinde and in Cuxland. They represent the region nationwide at tourism fairs, in television shows and at public festivals. A trade and industrial park was developed. The Cuxland Holiday Park GmbH offers cottages for purchase and for rent.

traffic

The state road L 120 leads to Drangstedt and Bremerhaven as well as to the federal motorway A 27 (Cuxhaven-Bremen), the L 119 to Neuenwalde and Cuxhaven , the L 117 to Otterndorf and the L 128 to Ringstedt and Beverstedt .

The Bremerhaven – Bederkesa railway line is only used by a museum railway . In 1950, the Bremerhaven AG transport company took bus routes from Bederkesa to Geesteneth and Großenhain. There are bus connections to Bremerhaven (line 525) and Schiffdorf (line 529). In Bremerhaven you can change trains to Bremen, Buxtehude , Cuxhaven and Wehdel .

The Hadelner Canal or the Bederkesa-Geeste Canal as part of the Elbe-Weser shipping route connect Bederkesa with Bremerhaven and Otterndorf, but today, due to the small size of the locks, they are only relevant for recreational shipping.

Public facilities

Roland in front of the castle
  • Town hall, Am Markt 8
  • The Bad Bederkesa volunteer fire brigade , Holzurburgerstr. 15, has another base fire brigade in Köhlen and a further eleven local fire brigades
  • Bederkesa Beautification Association from 1896

schools

  • Bederkesa Primary School, Seminarstr. 9
  • Elementary School Drangstedt, Elmloher Str. 1
  • Elementary school Elmlohe, Im Wiebusch 8
  • Elementary school Kührstedt, Schulstr. 7th
  • Lintig Primary School, Schulstr. 1
  • Primary school Ringstedt Kreuzstr. 2
  • The school center at An der Mühle, Mühlenweg, is a secondary school
  • The Lower Saxony Boarding School (NIG), Seminarstr. 8th
  • The school Am Wiesendamm 1 is a special needs school with a focus on "intellectual development"
  • The ev. Education center, Alter Postweg 2
  • Lower Saxony boarding high school

Churches

St. Jakobi
  • Bad Bederkesa is the seat of the superintendent of the church district Wesermünde of the Evangelical Lutheran regional church of Hanover. It was previously the seat of the Wesermünde-Süd parish, which was merged with the Wesermünde-Nord parish on January 1, 2013
  • The Evangelical Lutheran St. Jacobi Church (Bad Bederkesa) dates from 1861; the first church was first mentioned in 1295.
  • The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Our Lady of Elmlohe dates from 1346
  • The Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Pauli in Flögeln was founded in 1198
  • The Roman Catholic St. Benedict Chapel in Bad Bederkesa, Berghorn 5, belongs to the parish Hl.-Herz-Jesu in Bremerhaven-Lehe with the Herz-Jesu-Kirche
  • The New Apostolic parish holds divine service in the music hall of the Bad Bederkesa primary school

Others

In 1999 Bad Bederkesa made an entry in the Guinness Book of Records . The trade association in cooperation with the beautification association distributed sunflower seeds to the residents with the request to plant them. Many followed the request and many public green spaces were planted with sunflowers. Bad Bederkesa got the entry for 600,000 sunflowers in the village. That corresponds to more than 100 sunflowers per inhabitant.

Bad Bederkesa is in the area where the Low German language is distributed . This is no longer very common, but is increasingly experiencing a renaissance. Efforts are made to introduce children to the regional language at an early age. Recently, the place-name signs were supplemented with the Low German place name "Beers" as part of the maintenance of customs .

Personalities

The "Bösehof" is now used as a hotel

Sons and daughters of the place

People connected to the place

  • Diedrich Hoyer the Younger (1568–1623), Councilor and Mayor of Bremen, church visitator in the Bremen office of Bederkesa (1609–1623)
  • Wilhelm Dilich (1571–1650), master builder, engineer, woodcutter, copper engraver, draftsman, topographer and military writer, created in the work "Urbis Bremae et praefecturarum, quas habet, Typus et Chronicon" views a. a. from Bederkesa
  • Paul Felgenhauer (1593–1677), controversial theologian and chiliast of the Baroque period, he settled in the city of Bremen in 1638 as a medicus and wrote numerous prophetic writings
  • Aurora von Königsmarck (1662–1728), lived temporarily in the local castle
  • Amalie Wilhelmine von Königsmarck (1663–1740), daughter of the Swedish general Kurt Christoph Graf von Königsmarck from the famous Königsmarck family, lived in Bederkesa
  • Martin Matthaei (1666–1728), provost of the Bederkesa parish (→ see under: Johann Gottfried Misler )
  • Christoph Wilhelm Chappuzeau (1776–1825), royal. Bailiff in Bederkesa (→ see under: Christoph Wilhelm Chappuzeau in the Low German Wikipedia )
  • Heinrich Böse (1783–1867), a merchant who became rich through stock market speculation and as a sugar manufacturer in Bremen, known as "Captain Böse" because he led the resistance against the French occupiers in Bederkesa in 1813. A plaque on the Waldschlößchen pays tribute to his life and describes him as a "fatherland and philanthropist"
  • Wilhelm Wehner († 1863), administrative lawyer, in 1826 he was an official assessor in Bederkesa
  • August Cammann (1814–1882), lawyer and politician, after completing his studies he became a bailiff in Bederkesa
  • Lambert Leisewitz (1846–1909), merchant and member of the Bremen citizenship, in 1900 he bought the Fickmühlen estate (later called Gut Valenbrook) in Bederkesa
  • Jan Bohls (1863–1950), zoologist, private scholar, folklorist and local history researcher, he uncovered a Stone Age grave in the Fickmühlen forest, and the Jan-Bohls-Weg in Bederkesa was named after him
  • Ludwig Christians (1875–1940), educator and Prussian district administrator, he attended the teacher training college in Bederkesa
  • Friedrich Husmann (1877–1950), teacher and local poet, he attended the Bederkesa seminary for three years
  • Franz Schotte (1878–1934), theologian, assistant preacher and then pastor in Bederkesa (1908–1920)
  • Johann Jacob Cordes (1880–1976), educator and local history researcher, attended the teachers' college in Bederkesa
  • Karl Julius Witt (1885–1969), teacher, politician (DNVP / NSDAP) and Hamburg school senator during the National Socialist era, attended the teachers' college in Bederkesa
  • Adolf Busemann (1887–1967), educator and psychologist, worked as a teacher in Bederkesa
  • Hermann Baumann (1889–1970), reform pedagogue, teacher in Bederkesa (1932–1935)
  • Heinrich Hünecke (1891–1971), sports teacher, sports functionary and administrative officer, he attended the primary school teacher preparation institute in Bederkesa at the age of 14
  • Otto Tetjus Tügel (1892–1973), writer, painter, musician and cabaret artist, in 1939 he worked in Bederkesa as a drawing teacher at a high school
  • Walter Zimmermann (1892–1968), teacher and Bremerhaven city school council, he attended the teachers' seminar in Bederkesa
  • Ernst Herrmann (1895–1970), geoscientist, explorer and travel writer, lecturer in geography in Bederkesa (1946–1948)
  • Fritz Theodor Overbeck (1898–1983), botanist, is one of the founders of peatland botany and pollen analysis in Central Europe. In 1958 he campaigned specifically for the conservation of part of the Ahlenmoor near Bederkesa
  • Kurt Sydow (1908–1981), music pedagogue, composer, musicologist, lecturer and university rector, in 1948 he was a lecturer in music and music education at the Bederkesa University of Education, which was set up temporarily
  • Georg Rieper (1909–1982), entrepreneur and inventor of the Rollax roller blind and the Glasko principle, spent his childhood and youth in Bederkesa
  • Georg Manecke (1916–1990), chemist, died in Bederkesa
  • Gerhard Müller-Menckens (1917–2007), Bremen architect and university professor, worked on the reconstruction of Bederkesa Castle in 1982
  • Jo Filke (1921–2001), architect, created the St. Benedict Chapel in Bad Bederkesa in 1981
  • Fritz Westphal (* 1921), writer and translator, grew up here
  • Christian Holsten (1922–1993), Low German writer, also worked as a lecturer and speaker in Low German broadcasts on Radio Bremen, attended high school in Bederkesa
  • Udo von Soosten (1923–1986), politician (CDU) and member of the Lower Saxony state parliament, he took over the chairmanship of the Wesermünde-Mitte drinking water association in Bederkesa
  • Hans Aust (1926–1984), district archaeologist, lived in Bederkesa and worked at Bederkesa Castle
  • Gerhard Olbrich (1927–2010), educator, painter and sculptor, he created Mathilde , the fountain figure on the town hall in Bad Bederkesa (1980)
  • Heinrich Egon Hansen (1930–1996), teacher, school councilor, amateur actor, local historian
  • Martin Döscher (1935–2019), farmer and politician (CDU), he attended the agricultural school in Bederkesa between 1953 and 1954
  • Eckhard Schaefer (* 1936), emeritus Baptist pastor, from 1988 to 2000 he held one of the highest leadership positions of the Federation of Evangelical Free Churches (BEFG) as federal director and general secretary, attended the Lower Saxony home school Bederkesa (since 1980: Lower Saxony boarding school Bad Bederkesa )
  • Volker Bajus (* 1964), politician (Greens), elected member of the Lower Saxony state parliament, grew up here
  • Thorsten Krüger (* 1966), graduate in administration and politician (SPD), has been mayor of Geestland since January 1, 2015, managing director of Tourismus, Kur und Freizeit GmbH (TKF) in Bad Bederkesa
  • David McAllister (* 1971), state chairman of the CDU in Lower Saxony and Prime Minister of Lower Saxony from 2010 to 2013 , lives here
  • Martin Brinkmann (* 1976), author, critic and editor, attended the Lower Saxony boarding high school in Bad Bederkesa

literature

  • Curt Allmers: History of the Bremen rule Bederkesa (=  publications from the state archive of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen . No. 10 ). Schünemann Verlag, 1933, ISSN  0170-7884 .
  • Hans Aust: Bederkesa Castle . History of the house and its inhabitants. Restoration and reconstruction. Ed .: District of Cuxhaven. Ditzen Druck- und Verlags-GmbH, Bremerhaven 1984.
  • Ernst Beplate: The Bederkesa seminar - from teachers' seminar to college of education . Ed .: Association of alumni, friends and sponsors of the Lower Saxony boarding high school in Bederkesa. Self-published, Bederkesa 1991.
  • Klaus Dobers: Under the roof of St. Jakobi. Bederkesaer testimonials from 250 years . Ed .: Burggesellschaft (=  series of publications of the Burggesellschaft . Issue 10). Self-published, Bederkesa 1995.
  • Johannes Göhler: Jakobus also came to Bederkesa. From the Knights of Bederkesa, parish priests and the St. Jakobi Church 1295–1355 . Bederkesa 1995.
  • Fritz Hörmann, Ude Meyer, Christian Morisse, Eberhard Nehring, Irmgard Seghorn, Egon Stuve, Else Syassen: Wesermünde field names collection - the field names of the property tax cadastre from 1876 . Ed .: Kulturstiftung der Kreissparkasse Wesermünde (=  new series of special publications by the men from Morgenstern , Heimatbund an Elb- und Wesermuende eV Volume 27 ). Men from Morgenstern Verlag, Bremerhaven 1995, ISBN 3-931771-27-X , p. 2 ([ digitized version ( memento from October 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive )] [PDF; 431 kB ; accessed on October 23, 2019]).
  • Eberhard Michael Iba (Ed.): Hake Betken siene Duven. The saga of the Elbe and Weser estuaries (=  special publications by the men from Morgenstern , Heimatbund at the Elbe and Weser estuaries . Volume 16 ). 3. Edition. Men from Morgenstern Verlag, Bremerhaven 1999, ISBN 3-931771-16-4 .
  • Ernst Beplate: Bederkesa in the Königsmarck period 1662–1736 . Ed .: Burggesellschaft Bederkesa (=  series of publications by Burggesellschaft Bederkesa . Issue 11). Self-published, Bederkesa 2001.
  • Karl-Otto Ahrens, Sönke Hansen (Red.): Bad Bederkesa in the present and the past. A local customer . Ed .: Heimatbund der Männer vom Morgenstern. 2nd Edition. Self-published, Bremerhaven 2004, DNB  976349027 .
  • Hans-Cord Sarnighausen: Hanover local lawyers from 1675 to 1859 in Bederkesa . Ed .: Men from Morgenstern - Heimatbund at the mouth of the Elbe and Weser (=  yearbook of the men from Morgenstern . No. 89 ). Ditzen Druck- und Verlags-GmbH, Bremerhaven 2011, ISBN 3-931771-89-X , p. 41-62 .

Web links

Commons : Bad Bederkesa  - Collection of Images
Wikivoyage: Bad Bederkesa  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b municipalities in Germany by area, population and postcode. (XLS; 4.8 MB) See under: Lower Saxony, No. 1996 . In: Destatis website. Federal Statistical Office, December 31, 2014, accessed on December 26, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Overview map of the Cuxhaven district. In: cuxland-gis.landkreis-cuxhaven.de. November 2016, accessed December 26, 2019 .
  3. ^ Ansgar von Bremen: Repertory - historical sources of the German Middle Ages: Miracula s. Willehadi. In: Website Bayerische Staatsbibliothek . September 6, 2012, accessed September 29, 2018 .
  4. ↑ a b c Bernd Ulrich Hucker : The problem of rule and freedom in the regional communities and aristocratic rule of the Middle Ages in the Niederweser area . Münster 1978, OCLC 74444537 (available inter alia in the Bremen State Archives (Sign. 538 U) and in the library of the Men from Morgenstern in Bremerhaven ).
  5. ↑ Area changes from January 1 to December 31, 1996. (XLS; 215 kB) (No longer available online.) In: Website Destatis. Federal Statistical Office, October 1, 1996, archived from the original on September 30, 2018 ; Retrieved April 15, 2019 ( see under: No. 274 ).
  6. ↑ a b c Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p.  248 .
  7. ↑ Lower Saxony State Chancellery (Ed.): Law on the new formation of the city of Geestland, district of Cuxhaven . Lower Saxony Law and Ordinance Gazette (Nds. GVBl.). No.  26/2012 . Hanover November 8, 2012, p. 430 , p. 4 ( digitized version [PDF; 454 kB ; accessed on September 25, 2018]).
  8. ↑ a b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Wesermünde district ( see under: No. 7 ). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  9. ^ Ulrich Schubert: Register of local authorities Germany 1900 - Lehe district. Information from December 1, 1910. In: gemeindeververzeichnis.de. February 3, 2019, accessed April 25, 2019 .
  10. ↑ a b Statistisches Bundesamt Wiesbaden (ed.): Official municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany - 1957 edition (population and territorial status September 25, 1956, for Saarland December 31, 1956) . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1958, p.  192 ( digitized version ).
  11. ↑ Lower Saxony State Administration Office (ed.): Municipal directory for Lower Saxony . Municipalities and municipality-free areas. Self-published, Hanover January 1, 1973, p. 47 , Wesermünde district ( digitized version ( memento from August 7, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 21.3 MB ; accessed on June 3, 2020]).
  12. ^ Municipalities in Germany by area and population. (XLSX; 895 kB) See under: Lower Saxony, No. 1906 . In: Destatis website. Federal Statistical Office, December 31, 1975, accessed on June 12, 2019 .
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m municipality directory - archive - regional structure - annual editions - Lower Saxony. (All politically independent municipalities in EXCEL format). In: Destatis website. Federal Statistical Office, accessed on December 26, 2019 .
  14. ↑ a b Bad Bederkesa local council. In: Citizen Information System of the City of Geestland (ALLRIS net). Retrieved September 29, 2018 .
  15. ↑ a b Landkreis Wesermünde (Ed.): Coat of arms of the Landkreis Wesermünde . Grassé Offset Verlag, Bremerhaven / Wesermünde 1973, ISBN 3-9800318-0-2 .
  16. ↑ a b Take the train like in the 50s. In: Website Museumsbahn Bremerhaven - Bederkesa e. V. Retrieved September 29, 2018 .
  17. ^ Paul Homann: Bremerhaven's route networks (ÖPNV) since 1881. (PDF; 2.5 MB) In: Website BremerhavenBus. P. 27 (bookmark May 1, 1950) , accessed December 26, 2019 .
  18. ^ Evangelical Lutheran Regional Church Hanover (ed.): Church Official Gazette . No. 7 . Self-published, Hannover 2012, No. 63, amalgamation of the Evangelical-Lutheran church districts Wesermünde-North and Wesermünde-South, p. 311–312 , p. 3 ( digital version [PDF; 1.5 MB ; accessed on September 29, 2018]).
  19. ↑ Beerster have achieved the sunflower record . In: Cuxhavener Nachrichten . August 26, 2000 ( digitized version [accessed September 29, 2018]).