Pyotr Ivanovich Shchukin

Pyotr Ivanovich Shchukin

Peter Ivanovich Shchukin ( Russian Пётр Иванович Щукин * February 18 ^jul. / 2. March  1853 ^greg. In Moscow , † October 12 ^jul. / 25. October  1912 ^greg. ) Was a Russian textile entrepreneurs and collectors as well as his Brothers Sergei , Dmitri , Nikolai and Ivan .

Life

Shchukin came from a traditional merchant family . His parents were the textile entrepreneur Ivan Vasilyevich Schchukin and Ekaterina Petrovna, daughter of the tea merchant Pyotr Kononovich Botkin, who had seven sons and four daughters.

Shchukin graduated from the English Hirst boarding school in St. Petersburg in 1871. Instead of the dreamed-of university course, his father sent him to Berlin to study at the commercial college. In his free time he attended the lectures of the physicist Hermann von Helmholtz . After completing his studies, he worked at the Abelsdorf und Maier trading house in Berlin. In the spring of 1874 he went to Lyon and learned in a weaving the silk production know. He had to live frugally as he received no support from his parents. In 1876 he got a job in Kommissionärshaus Warburg & Cie. in Lyon with a salary of 2,000 francs . Now he began to collect French books and portraits of well-known personalities.

In the summer of 1878, Shchukin returned to Moscow. In December 1878, the father founded the trading house IV Shchukin and Sons , in which Shchukin entered with his brothers Sergei and Nikolai. In line with his professional interests, he bought Persian carpets and works by Japanese , Chinese and Indian masters for his collection, particularly at the Nizhny Novgorod Fair . In 1890 Shchukin began collecting Russian antiques , which he bought at fairs in Nizhny Novgorod, Kiev and other Russian cities and from Western European dealers. He was well acquainted with Paul Durand-Ruel , from whom he bought Impressionist paintings . When he had to pay off a mistress , he sold these paintings to his brother Sergei.

Shchukin Museum of Russian Antiquities (old building)

Shchukin Museum of Russian Antiquities (new building)

After the death of his father in 1890, Shchukin bought a large piece of land on Malaya Grusinskaya Ulitsa in Moscow in 1891 for a house of his own for himself and his collection. The order for Shchukin's Museum of Russian Antiquities was awarded to Bernhard Freudenberg , who built this first building, the so-called old building, from 1892–1893. The collected graphics and the Persian and Japanese works of art as well as Russian antiques were housed there. 1897–1898, Adolf Wilhelm Erichson built another museum building, the so-called new building, with a fence and main entrance gate (now the Timirjasew Museum of Biology ). Across from this new building, Fjodor Nikititsch Kolbe built a one-story museum magazine in 1905 .

After 1900, Shchukin bought entire collections from Henri Brocard , Georgi Dmitrijewitsch Filimonov and others, as well as individual items from collections of Lev Sergeyevich Golitsyn , Alexei Alexandrovich Martynov and others. In 1905 Shchukin donated his collections to the State Historical Museum , where they formed a separate department. For this he was appointed to the Real Council of State (4th class ). He continued to collect to complete the collections until his death. He carefully cataloged his collections and described them in 13 books with a total of 45 volumes, 200 copies of which were not sold but sent to libraries and acquaintances so that they did not have to be submitted to the censors .

In 1907 Shchukin married the 33-year-old Marija Ivanovna Ponomarjowa née Wagner, who had two sons Nikolai and Georgi from their first marriage. In 1908, Shchukin adopted Georgi.

Shchukin died of purulent appendicitis and was buried in the Moscow Pokrov monastery cemetery.

Web links

Commons : Shchukin family  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Sabine Rewald, Magdalena Dabrowski: The American Matisse: The dealer, his artists, his collection: The Pierre and Maria-Gaetana Matisse Collection . Yale University Press, ISBN 978-1-58839-352-4 , pp. 92 .
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Щукин (Петр Иванович) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . tape XL , 1904, pp. 90 ( Wikisource [accessed January 21, 2018]).
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e} МЕЦЕНАТЫ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ИСКУССТВА: ЩУКИН ПЕТР ИВАНОВИЧ (1853–1912) (accessed January 20, 2018).
4. ^ ^{A b} Nancy Durrant: The man who loved Monet: Russia's greatest art collector . In: Saturday Review, The Times . October 15, 2016, p. 8-9 .