Plagiognathus arbustorum
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Plagiognathus arbustorum |
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| Plagiognathus arbustorum | ||||||||||||
| ( Fabricius , 1794) |
Plagiognathus arbustorum is a species of bug from the family of soft bugs (Miridae).
features
The bugs are 3.6 to 4.5 millimeters long. They are very variable in color and have a basic color that varies from pale olive green to almost black. Their head, the front part of the pronotum and the first two sections of the antennae are usually black. The dark edges on the thighs ( femora ) of the hind legs are characteristic of the species . This feature already appears in the nymphs of later stages. The thorns on the rails ( tibia ) of the hind legs are the same length or longer than the width of the rails and usually arise from a black point. The pronotum and the hemielytras are covered with dark hairs. The nymphs have a green base color and black markings.
Occurrence and habitat
The species is widespread in Europe, east to Siberia and Central Asia. It was introduced into North America by humans. The species occurs everywhere in Central Europe and is one of the most common types of bedbugs. It rises in the Alps to over 2000 meters above sea level.
Moderately dry to moist, preferably shady to partially shaded, plant species ponds habitats with nutrient-rich soils, such as tall herbaceous areas, ruderal areas and salt areas, are populated. The species is absent on acidic and nutrient-poor soils, such as in raised bogs, Calluna heaths or on sandy grasslands.
Way of life
Plagiognathus arbustorum lives polyphagous on many different herbaceous plants. The kind is, inter alia, to species of plants from the families of Compositae (Asteraceae), Labiatae (Lamiaceae), stinging nettle plants (Urticaceae), legumes (Fabaceae), Rosaceae (Rosaceae) and Umbelliferae detected (Apiaceae). Wachmann suspects that the preference for great nettle ( Urtica dioica ) mentioned in the literature may only be related to the dominance of the plant. Both the adults and the nymphs prefer to suckle on the buds, flowers and unripe fruits of their food plants. In addition, they occasionally feed on aphids and honeydew as a predator .
The first adults of the new generation appear in early / mid-June. Due to the fact that they develop at different speeds in different habitats, they still appear until September and October. It is conceivable, however, that some of these late animals are also of a second generation, with only one generation being trained per year as a rule. A second generation is assumed because adult adults occasionally appear in March and April and must therefore have overwintered. The females pierce their eggs into the stems of their host plants. Like some other types of soft bugs, they use their proboscis to pre-drill a hole for the ovipositor .
supporting documents
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Ekkehard Wachmann , Albert Melber, Jürgen Deckert: Bugs. Volume 2: Cimicomorpha: Microphysidae (lichen bugs), Miridae (soft bugs) (= The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life . 75th part). Goecke & Evers, Keltern 2006, ISBN 3-931374-57-2 , p. 252 ff .
- ↑ Plagiognathus arbustorum. British Bugs, accessed July 3, 2015 .
literature
- Ekkehard Wachmann , Albert Melber, Jürgen Deckert: Bugs. Volume 2: Cimicomorpha: Microphysidae (lichen bugs), Miridae (soft bugs) (= The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life . 75th part). Goecke & Evers, Keltern 2006, ISBN 3-931374-57-2 .
Web links
- Plagiognathus arbustorum in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved July 3, 2015
- www.britishbugs.org.uk - photos, description