Pneumoconiosis

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Comparison between normal lung (left) and pneumonia (right)
Classification according to ICD-10
J60 Coal Miners Pneumoconiosis
J61 Pneumoconiosis due to asbestos and other inorganic fibers
J62 Pneumoconiosis from quartz dust
J63 Pneumoconiosis due to other inorganic dusts
J64 Unspecified pneumoconiosis
J65 Pneumoconiosis associated with tuberculosis
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

The pneumoconiosis (from Greek  πνεύμων Pneumon "lung", κόνις Koni "dust" and ose ), or black lung disease caused by inhalation of inorganic dusts . The term pneumoconiosis was introduced by Zenker in 1866 for the pulmonary changes that result from prolonged inhalation of dust under various working conditions.

The type, amount, size and fibroblastic irritation of the dust particles, as well as the duration of exposure and individual resistance, influence the symptoms and the course of the disease. Changes in the lungs occur, which can lead to pulmonary fibrosis .

It is a (reportable) occupational disease . The silicosis today is the most common pneumoconiosis.

causes

Depending on the substance, the course and prognosis of the disease differ:

A rather poor prognosis with frequent pulmonary fibrosis and severe impairment:

A rather good prognosis with very rare pulmonary fibrosis:

X-ray asbestosis

Byssinosis , which results from the inhalation of organic dusts (cellulose fibers), because they are not broken down by human tissue, should be mentioned as a delimitation .

diagnosis

Pneumoconioses are diagnosed using a chest x-ray and assessed according to the ILO (International Labor Organization) classification .

In the X-ray image interstitial patchy and localized subpleural infiltrates ( "Strip Shadow") or small cysts ( "honeycomb") may also apply. With high-resolution computed tomography , these changes are recorded much earlier and more precisely than with an overview of the lungs.

Clinically, as the lung changes progress, shortness of breath or dyspnoea as a result of impaired lung function can occur. The lung function is usually recorded using spirometry .

The rare combination of silicosis with rheumatoid arthritis is known as Caplan syndrome .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Joachim Frey : Silicosis (Pneumoconiosis). In: Ludwig Heilmeyer (ed.): Textbook of internal medicine. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1955; 2nd edition, ibid. 1961, pp. 699-705, here (cited) p. 699.
  2. ^ Friedrich Albert von Zenker : Contributions to the normal and pathological anatomy of the lungs . G. Schönfeld (CA Werner), 1882.
  3. ↑ Gerhard Reichel: The history of pneumoconiosis . In: Wolfgang T. Ulmer, Gerhard Reichel: Pneumoconioses . Springer-Verlag, March 12, 2013.
  4. ^ Pschyrembel Online. Retrieved February 2, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Dr. Gerd Herold: Internal Medicine 2019 . Cologne 2018, ISBN 978-3-9814660-8-9 .
  6. ↑ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators .: Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 . In: Lancet (London, England). Vol. 385, No. 9963, January 2015, pp. 117-171, doi: 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (14) 61682-2 , PMID 25530442 , PMC 4340604 (free full text).
  7. ↑ P. Uhrmeister, R. Felix: Interstitial lung changes in high-resolution computed tomography. In: Current Radiology. Vol. 2, No. 3, May 1992, pp. 109-114, PMID 1524597 (Review).
  8. ↑ Andreoli, Thomas, ed. CECIL Essentials of Medicine. Saunders: Pennsylvania, 2004. p. 737.