Javanese patchouli
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Javanese patchouli ( Pogostemon heyneanus ) |
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| Pogostemon heyneanus | ||||||||||||
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The Javanese patchouli ( Pogostemon heyneanus ) is a species in the genus Pogostemon in the family Labiatae (Lamiaceae). The species native to South Asia is an important raw material for the extraction of patchouli oil .
description
The Javanese patchouli is a slightly woody subshrub with a firm, angular stem , covered with four-celled hair around 500 micrometers long. Its egg-shaped leaves are up to 8.5 centimeters long and 4.5 centimeters wide, with a wedge-shaped base and tapering to a point at the extreme end, as well as a double-serrated leaf edge, the hairs are four-cell and around 460 micrometers long. The approximately 32 millimeter long petiole is covered with four-celled, approximately 350 micrometers long hair.
The inflorescence is a terminal and around 70 millimeter long spike with more than two additional lateral spikes, below in a loose arrangement, above in a dense arrangement and with four-celled, around 350 micrometers long hairs. The 3 to 5 millimeters long and 0.8 to 3 millimeters wide bracts are ovate to lanceolate and serrated with entire or inconspicuous margins.
The tubular, five-nerved calyx is around 4.3 millimeters long and 3.1 millimeters wide, the outside and the upper part of the inside of the tube are hairy. The calyx teeth are ciliate, around 1.2 to 1.4 millimeters long and 0.4 to 0.6 millimeters wide at the base. The outer hair is three-celled and around 312 micrometers long. The crown is up to 4.8 millimeters long, the lower lip is around 1.6 millimeters long and 0.9 millimeters wide, the upper lip has a diameter of around 1.5 millimeters, the hairy middle lobe is 0.9 millimeters long and 0 , 3 millimeters wide. The 3.7 to 4.3 millimeter long stamens , which are hairless towards the base, are around 1.7 millimeters deep in the corolla tube and protrude around 1.2 millimeters above the flower. The stylus is around 5.6 millimeters long, the scar lobes measure 0.6 to 0.7 millimeters, the disc is around 0.7 millimeters long.
The four nuts are 500 micrometers long and 400 micrometers wide and round, their surface is reticulated and dotted.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32, 60 or 64.
distribution
The Javanese patchouli comes from southern Asia, its distribution area ranges from India and Sri Lanka to Indonesia ( Sumatra and Java ). It is probably naturalized in the Seychelles , where it can be found, for example, along paths in the jungle.
Systematics and botanical history
The species was first described in 1821 by Albrecht Wilhelm Roth as Origanum indicum , George Bentham then placed it in the genus Pogostemon in 1830 . It is counted to the subgenus Pogostemon , where it is considered the most basic species of a clade around the type species Pogostemon plectranthoides .
use
Along with Indian patchouli, the species is one of the most important sources of patchouli oil. The main ingredients are volatile terpenoids . In Indian folk medicine, patchouli is used against stomach and skin complaints as well as biliary diseases, in Malaysia against cough and asthma.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g G. R. Bhatti, M. Ingrouille: Systematics of Pogostemon (Labiatae). In: Bulletin of the Natural History Museum. Botany series., 1997, 27 (2): 77-147.
- ↑ Pogostemon heyneanus at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Pogostemon heyneanus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 11, 2019.
- ↑ M. Ingrouille, G. Raza Bhatti: Infrageneric relationships within Pogostemon Desf. (Labiatae) In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 128: 2, pp. 159-183, 1998, doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.1998.tb02114.x .