Polis Diraja Malaysia

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Royal Malaysian Police Coat of Arms
Malaysian Police Headquarters in Kuala Lumpur
Police station in Melakka
Small island station on Tioman

The Polis Diraja Malaysia ( PDRM , English: Royal Malaysian Police ) is the police force of Malaysia . As such, its role is to ensure compliance with Malaysian laws and to prosecute anyone who violates them. The headquarters of the PDRM is in Kuala Lumpur .

In 2006, the PDRM exceeded the average awareness rates determined by Interpol .

history

Already during the Hindu Empire Majapahit and in the Buddhist Empire of the Srivijaya there were police-like structures on the peninsula. The police as an organization has existed in Malaysia since the Sultanate of Malacca in the early 15th century when the first Malaysian police force was created by Malacca canon law. The security force called Temenggong consisted of the royal Hulubalang , the warriors of the Sultan. During the king's absence, the Bendahara (Prime Minister) took control of the judiciary, but the police were meanwhile controlled by Temenggung , the head of the police department. His job was to prosecute criminals, build prisons and carry out the sentences imposed. In addition to the Temenggung , the Penghulu , the chiefs or village chiefs, were entrusted with the task of ensuring public safety in their village or area of ​​responsibility. Their main tasks were to collect taxes, prosecute and ensure the safety of the population. The existence of the early Malacca police system was ended with the arrival of the Portuguese fleet on August 10, 1511 and the subsequent capture of Malacca by Afonso de Albuquerque .

The maintenance of public order was exercised by Portuguese soldiers after the occupation. Around 1511 Malacca changed into a cosmopolitan society and the Portuguese supported the self-government of the administration and helped to set up their own administration. On January 14, 1641, the Portuguese-influenced kingdom of Malacca was conquered by the Dutch , who, with the help of Johore's troops, waged war against the Portuguese allied with Aceh .

Under the Dutch government of Malacca, the Portuguese system is continued with the help of military units. With the increasing immigration of Europeans, the need for an organized police force arises. The so-called "Burgher Guard" is set up, the members of which are made up of Dutch people living in Malacca. The competent jurisdiction is made up of the same group of people. The Malakken are subordinate to this system, even if the village chiefs also perform police duties in their area.

The modern police organization in Malaysia is established in Penang on March 25, 1807, according to the charter . Most of the officers were of British origin. Until then, the security forces will be limited to individual states, but will develop in the Malay Union , consisting of Selangor , Perak , Negeri Sembilan and Pahang under British protection, into a cross-state Malay police organization. After the Second World War , it became a centralized police agency under the direction of HB Longworthy. The colonial rulers support the organization in particular in crisis situations, for example the rebellion of communist parties. During the conflicts between Malaysia and Indonesia from 1963 to 1965, the police forces fought together with the military against the intrusion of Indonesian troops in Johore and Sabah .

Less than a year after the country's independence day, on July 24, 1958, Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman extended the name of the police to include the title "Royal". In 1963 the name was changed to Polis Diraja Malaysia .

Organization of the PDRM

In addition to two departments that are responsible for administration and logistics, the PDRM has five departments that deal with prevention , investigative work, narcotics , internal security and public order, as well as white- collar crime . These departments are each headed by a high-ranking commissioner.

Administration and Management Department

Police officers during Independence Day.

Ordinarily, the Steering and Management Department is responsible for the management of the police force and related administrative matters and duties within the PDRM. The further development and adaptation of the PDRM is also the responsibility of this department.

Functional areas
  1. Personnel management: Classic tasks include recruiting, promotion, and payroll accounting.
  2. General administration: administration, research and development, public relations, welfare, sports and PERKEP
  3. Education and training: training, personnel development, training and refresher courses
  4. Internal department: unit monitoring, investigations, advice to employees
Downstream departments
  1. administration
  2. Charity
  3. education
  4. Research and Development
  5. HR department
  6. Public affairs
  7. public relation
  8. recruitment
  9. Ceremonies and events
  10. cooperation
  11. PDRM sport

Procurement and Logistics Department

This department organizes and procures the infrastructure necessary to carry out police duties.

Functional areas
  1. Finances: budget planning and administration
  2. Property management: purchasing, administration, maintenance of communication facilities, transport vehicles, information technology and weapons.
  3. Real estate: management of buildings and land
  4. Technology: supply, replacement and new procurement of the devices used
  5. Assets: management of the police's own assets
Downstream departments
  1. Property management
  2. communication
  3. Information technology
  4. transport
  5. Finances
  6. technical service
  7. weapons
  8. procurement
  9. Real estate
  10. Accounting and taxes

Law Enforcement Department

Malaysian police car.

This department investigates, arrests and prosecutes all types of crimes against people, such as murder, rape and assault, and property crimes such as theft. In further subgroups, you also work on the areas of gambling, moral crimes and organized crime.

Functional areas
  1. Investigative work
  2. Prevention, thwarting punishment
  3. Prosecution
Sub-divisions
  • D1 - Administrative tasks
  • D2 - criminal record
  • D3 -
  • D4 - statistics
  • D5 - Law Enforcement
  • D6 - Technical Service
  • D7 - Organized Crime, Customs and Gambling
  • D8 - coordination
  • D9 - Specialized investigation departments
  • D10 - Forensic Medicine Laboratory
  • D11 - Sex Crimes
  • D12 - cooperation with Interpol

Drug Department

This department fights against substance abuse , the distribution, use and trafficking of drugs.

Functional areas
  1. Law enforcement and legal compliance
  2. Research and education relating to intoxicants
  3. Organized drug trafficking
  4. Preventing the importation of drugs and chemicals used in the manufacture of drugs
  5. Addiction prevention
  6. public relation
  7. statistics
  8. Monitoring and registration
  9. National and international training of investigators
  10. public relation
Sub-divisions
  1. laboratory
  2. International coordination
  3. administration
  4. Penal system
  5. Investigations
  6. Prosecution
  7. technical service
  8. statistics
  9. Registration
  10. Logistics sharing
  11. Airport staff

Internal Security and Public Order Department

The task of this department is to protect the internal security of the country and the maintenance of public order. This includes the tasks of traffic monitoring , rescue operations and, together with the Malay military , monitoring the surrounding seas and national waters as well as combating piracy . In addition, this department supports the Ministry of Transport and Economic Affairs in their work in the prosecution of traffic offenses. This department includes the following sub-departments:

Pasukan Gerakan Am

In 1948 the Pasukan Polis Hutan (PPH, Jungle Police Unit ) was founded. Its purpose was when paramilitary arm of the police to fight against the "communist terrorists" as ( Communist Terrorists lead) designated left-wing guerrillas, which were operating at that time on the Malay Peninsula. After the end of communist activities in 1989 and 1990, the unit lost its importance and was then restructured to Pasukan Gerakan Am (PGA, unit for general operations ). Their tasks today include border protection and, if necessary, general support of the police in their tasks.

The PGA consists of 19 battalions , these are organized in five brigades , each led by a high-ranking police officer.

Special forces

The Malaysian police have several special forces. The Tindakan Khas unit (UTK, unit for special operations ), which operates in an urban environment, and the paramilitary command unit 69 Komando (VAT 69), which specializes in jungle combat , together form the Pasukan Gerakan Khas (PGK, unit for special activities ). In particular, to combat piracy was UNGERIN founded which to access specializes in the maritime sector, such as the storming of hijacked ships or access to objects located on the beach of the lake.

Federal Reserve Unit

The Pasukan Simpanan Persekutuan , founded on December 5, 1955 and also known under the abbreviation FRU for Federal Reserve Unit, has the task of controlling major police situations such as demonstrations or riots.

C4-I unit

C4-I is an abbreviation for " C ommand, C ontrol, C ommunication, C omputer I mplementation" and describes the unit that deals with the integration of data processing systems and information technology into police work and coordinates the transmission and processing of data collected on site . This unit is connected to the patrols and investigators, who are mostly equipped with laptops, and can therefore immediately process the data recorded on site. This has also made it easier to work with the Rakan Cop project and many of the implementations have proven to be useful for society beyond the police.

More units

Mounted strips
Commercial department
Naval police
Fliegerstaffel

Malaysian Special Branch

This department collects information for the state intelligence service. It collects information on threats to state security from internal and external powers and combats subversive activities, extremists and acts of sabotage that could impair state stability. It also looks for ways to obtain information, evaluates it and makes it available to the other departments.

White-collar crime department

The main function of this department is the investigation of white-collar crime and the prosecution of criminals in this environment. These include fraud, counterfeiting, cyber crime and industrial espionage, among others. It is intended to prevent and curb the spread of economic crime in the country.

Police violence

The abuse of power and police brutality were reported in connection with the “ squatgate ” and the Batu Burok uprising , among others , and there were also reports of unjustified and excessively brutal behavior by police officers during otherwise peaceful events. In March and May 2007, police armed with shields suppressed a series of peaceful demonstrations against fuel prices in Kuala Lumpur with sticks and water cannons. Several people were seriously injured and dozens were arrested. All were subsequently released.

There are also some doubts about the effectiveness of security measures designed to protect those arrested in police custody from assault. At least five people, including one woman, were killed in this context in 2007.

Wanted Lists and Rewards

Although wanted lists are already in use, there is public debate as to whether an expanded application of public wanted information could be successful and also have a deterrent effect. In this case, in addition to a more prominent publication in and outside of the police station, the posters could also be shown in public areas with large audiences, for example in bus stops, taxi stations, airports, government buildings, in front of public toilets, but also in parks, shopping centers or next to public telephones. It is requested that the lists be exchanged every quarter and more precise posters to be issued to various groups of people with a high level of public traffic, such as bus drivers, petrol station staff, or restaurant employees, in order to support the police's search efforts. In addition, there is a discussion about offering higher rewards to motivate people to cooperate.

Complaints Commission

Various private organizations put pressure on the government to set up an independent commission to deal with lawsuits and complaints about the police. In 2005, a Royal Committee of Inquiry called for such a commission to be set up by May 2006. A number of other proposals to reform the police force, such as revising laws that allow prison sentences without trial or require police clearance for public events, were not implemented.

Proposal for the decentralization of the police authority

Due to strong public criticism of the unprofessional nature of the police, among other things due to the high murder rate and the inability to prevent crimes in advance through deterrence, there were some proposals for reform and restructuring of the PDRM. Including the idea of ​​a structure similar to the structure of the American law enforcement agencies into a state police authority and a federal investigative authority, according to the FBI . For example, each state like Johor or Pahang could have its own police department, while Kuala Lumpur could have a municipal police force . In addition, the establishment of a state-wide police force would be required to cross state lines in law enforcement. Another proposal is to withdraw the title of “royal” police, so that the inability of the police is not passed on to the royal family and to make it clear that the police are committed to the citizen and not to the royal family. Probably the most important proposal relates to the establishment of complaint bodies for the subordinate police departments, which should be staffed by independent staff such as lawyers or former judges.

Web links

Commons : Royal Malaysia Police  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files