Padded fire sponge
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Cushion-shaped fire sponge ( Fomitiporia punctata ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Fomitiporia punctata | ||||||||||||
| ( P. Karsten ) Murrill |
The inedible point-shaped or cushion -shaped fire sponge ( Fomitiporia punctata , syn. Phellinus punctatus ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the bristle disk relatives . The fungus also forms flat to pillow-shaped fruiting bodies on vertical trunks, which have very small, gray to brown pores on their smooth surface. Setae are absent and the large spores are almost spherical. The perennial, clearly layered fruiting bodies can be found all year round on hardwood, mostly on willows and hazelnuts.
features
Macroscopic features
The pillow-shaped to elongated fruiting bodies are about 10–40 cm long, 4–8 cm wide and 0.5–2.5 cm thick, depending on the width of the branches. They usually grow in the longitudinal direction of the affected branches and trunks. The edge lies tightly and firmly against the substrate, so that the fruiting bodies are difficult to remove. Even on vertical branches or trunks, the fire sponge never forms a hat edge. The surface is gray-brown, hazel to rust-brown and the edge runs thin. A subiculum is usually barely recognizable and in any case thinner than 1 mm. The tubes sit directly on the substrate and are 1–3 mm long. Up to ten layers of tubes can lie on top of each other, usually 3–7. The surface of the previous layer is not completely covered by the new one, so that the edge contrasts with the rest in color, as the old pores are filled with filling hyphae and then appear gray. Often they are also colored green by algae. The rounded to elongated pores are tiny, about 5–6 pores per millimeter. With potassium hydroxide, the meat turns almost black.
Microscopic features
At least among the European clans, the otherwise typical setae of the fire sponge species seem to be missing. Instead, cystidioles are found in the hymenium next to the 10–15 µm long and 7–11 µm wide basidia . These are vesicular, hyaline cells about the size of a basidia. The cystidioles terminate at their apex in a 1–3 µm wide, translucent, later pale brown hyphal thread that protrudes into the tubular lumen. Although there are no crystal-bearing hyphae, one can almost always find very conspicuous, highly refractive, rhombic or irregularly shaped crystals, which often protrude from the hymenium with their triangular-conical tips. But they also occur in other parts of the trama . The hyphae system is dimitic, besides the translucent, generative hyphae there are thick-walled, 3–4.5 µm wide, brown skeletal hyphae . The spores are large compared to other fire sponges. They are hyaline, broadly ellipsoidal to almost spherical and measure about 6–7.5 (–8.5) × 5–7.5 µm.
Species delimitation
There are a number of similar looking species. Of the fire sponges that grow on deciduous trees, the main ones are the narrow- pore ( Fuscoporia ferrea ), the shell- shaped ( Phellinus conchatus ), the birch ( Ph. Laevigatus ) and the buckthorn fire sponge ( Ph. Rhamni ). The cushion-shaped fire sponge differs from them by the lack of hymenial set and by its larger, almost rounded spores. In addition, it has no crystal-bearing hyphae.
Similar layer mushrooms like the soot-brown layer mushroom ( Lopharia spadicea ) can easily be differentiated by the potassium hydroxide reaction. The flesh of the upholstered fire sponge turns black with potassium hydroxide, while the flesh of the layered mushrooms does not or hardly changes color.
ecology
The cushion-shaped fire sponge occurs all year round on dying or dead, still standing branches or trunks. In Central Europe, its two main hosts are willows ( Salix ) and hazel ( Corylus ). But it also grows on a number of other deciduous trees, albeit much less often. The fungus causes white rot in the infected wood, but this is not too severe, as the wood remains quite firm for a long time even under perennial fruiting bodies.
The fire sponge prefers locations with high humidity. It is therefore found particularly frequently in floodplains, on lake shores, as well as in swamp and swamp forests . The fruiting bodies grow on more or less vertical, barked branches and trunks and always have some distance from the ground. The fruiting bodies die quickly on wood lying on the ground.
distribution
The fungus, which is widespread almost worldwide, occurs in New Zealand, South America (Argentina), Central America (Panama), North America (Canada, USA), Asia (Japan, North and South Korea), North Africa (Morocco) and Europe.
In Europe the species is distributed submeridional to boreal, with a weak continental tendency to be observed. In Western Europe, influenced by the Atlantic, the cushion-shaped fire sponge is very rare to quite rare, in England it occurs scattered or rarely, from Scotland there are a few records, on the Irish island it is completely absent. It is also rare in the Benelux countries. In the southern European Mediterranean countries, on the other hand, it seems to be very widespread and distributed on many host plants. From Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece it is distributed fairly seamlessly northwards to central Fennoscandinavia and eastwards to northern and central Russia, as well as to the southern Urals and the Caucasus. In Fennoscandinavia, the mushroom follows its main hosts there, willow and hazelnut, far to the north. In Norway there are finds up to the 69th parallel. Within its Central European range, the species is only scattered in most countries, but it often occurs more frequently in suitable locations. In the Alps, it rises to the lower montane zone.
In Germany, the species is widely distributed from the coast of the sea to the Alps and is fairly dense regionally. It is particularly numerous in the Alpine foothills and in the Alpine valleys, as numerous finds from southern Bavaria and Austria prove.
meaning
The point-shaped fire sponge is not an edible mushroom.
swell
- Paul Kirk: Fomitiporia punctata. In: Species Fungorum. Retrieved January 5, 2014 .
- Fomitiporia punctata. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed January 5, 2014 .
- Hermann Jahn: The resupinate Phellinus species in Central Europe, with references to the resupinate Inonotus species and Poria expansa (Desm.) [= Polyporus megaloporus Pers.] In: Westfälische Pilzbriefe . tape 6 , p. 60 ( gwdg.de/~rjahn [PDF] 1966/67).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Hermann Jahn: The resupinate Phellinus species in Central Europe, with references to the resupinate Inonotus species and Poria expansa (Desm.) [= Polyporus megaloporus Pers.] Supplements 1967-1981 . In: Westphalian mushroom letters . tape 6 , p. 111, 117, 122 ( gwdg.de/~rjahn [PDF] 1967–1981).
- ^ A b Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos mushroom atlas . 1st edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-07229-0 , pp. 234 .
- ^ A b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 , p. 460.
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev, Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279-282 ( mycotaxon.com (PDF)).
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Fomitiporia punctata. Retrieved January 6, 2014 .
- ^ A b Worldwide distribution of Fomitiporia punctata. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on January 14, 2014 ; accessed on January 6, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ S. Petkovski: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . In: Acta Botanica Croatica . 2009 ( protectedareas.mk ( memento from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 1.6 MB ; accessed on January 6, 2014]). National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Fomitiporia punctata. Pilzoek database, accessed January 6, 2014 .
- ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Fomitiporia punctata. Fungi of Ukraine. (No longer available online.) In: cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015 ; accessed on January 6, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Fomitiporia punctata. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved January 6, 2014 .
Web links
- Rudolf Markones: Fomitiporia punctata. In: Rudis Pilzgalerie / pilzseite.de. Retrieved January 5, 2014 .
- Wolfgang Bachmeier: Cushion-shaped fire sponge (Fomitiporia punctata). In: 123pilze.de / pilzseite.de. Retrieved January 5, 2014 .
- Aphyllophorales News - Wood mushrooms - Porlinge - Bark mushrooms. 2010, accessed January 5, 2014 .