Pomeranian-Brandenburg War

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The Pomeranian-Brandenburg War was a conflict between the Duchies of Pomerania and the Mark Brandenburg between 1329 and 1333 .

Starting position

At the beginning of the 14th century, the dukes Otto I and Barnim III ruled Pomerania . in the partial rule of Stettin and Wartislaw IV. in the partial rule of Wolgast. Since the end of Danish sovereignty over Pomerania at the beginning of the 13th century, the Ascanian Margraves of Brandenburg raised claims to fiefdom over Pomerania. They were initially regulated in the Treaties of Kremmen 1236 and Landin 1250. Under the new dynasty of the Wittelsbachers , the Brandenburg demands revived. However, Pomerania refused.

In 1323 Ludwig V became Margrave of Brandenburg in the Mark Brandenburg . The new Wittelsbach rule over Brandenburg was marked from the beginning by severe internal tensions. In 1325, for example, the citizens of Berlin and Cölln killed the provost Nikolaus von Bernau, who appeared as a supporter of the Pope against the emperor. Thereupon Pope John XXII. over Berlin the interdict and was able to move the Szczecin dukes to a war against Brandenburg.

Mecklenburg had to surrender its conquests in the Uckermark and in the Prignitz during the war against the Mark Brandenburg in 1323 and was anxious to compensate.

The unrest in the Mark Brandenburg gave Pomerania and Mecklenburg a good opportunity to take action against them.

After Pomerania and Mecklenburg had been hostile to each other in the War of the Rügen Succession , they allied themselves in a war against Margrave Ludwig von Brandenburg in 1331 .

course

The war lasted from 1329 to 1333. Pomerania only fought against the Mark Brandenburg at first. After a few skirmishes in 1329, the armistice at Twenraden came on January 29, 1330 , which lasted until mid-1332. This armistice was between Ludwig von Brandenburg on the one hand and the dukes Otto I and Barnim III. as well as the pin at Cammin and their allies on the other hand. Both sides were looking for new allies. The Pomeranian dukes gave their land to the Pope as a fief and were made vassal by him on March 13, 1331. But since little real help was to be expected from this side, they soon concluded alliances with Lord von Werle , the two dukes of Mecklenburg and the Count of Schwerin . The outbreak of war, however, dragged on until the summer of the next year 1332. There must still have been peace in February, as the margrave at that time satisfied a demand from the dukes of 6,000 marks by directing the Neu- and Uckermark. Then Barnim III marched. entered the march with an army. Without first engaging in a serious fight, he skillfully evaded the attacks of the margrave and devastated the country in quick forays. On August 1, 1332, he surrendered to the Brandenburg troops and defeated them at Kremmer Damm . He pursued the defeated Brandenburgers as far as Berlin. Finally, on June 28, 1333, the peace of Lippehne was concluded. Through the intervention of his allies Barnim III. urged to cease hostilities and to accept the peace brokered by Emperor Ludwig IV . Ludwig IV persuaded his son to drop his claims on Pomerania.

Results

As a result, the Pomeranian Duke Barnim III succeeded. in 1338 to achieve recognition of the imperial immediacy of Pomerania-Stettin by Emperor Ludwig IV . In return, he granted the Brandenburg margrave the right of reversion, according to which the Pomerania-Stettin family would have fallen to Brandenburg if the Stettin line of the Gryphon family had died out. Ten years later the same duke succeeded in getting all of the Pomeranian rulers in hand from the new emperor Charles IV .

Mecklenburg was also raised to the rank of imperial prince by Charles IV in 1348 and was able to consolidate its holdings under the Stargard rule .

The disputes and battles between Pomerania and Brandenburg only revived after the transfer of rule over the margraviate to the Hohenzollern dynasty in the 2nd decade of the 15th century and culminated after the death of the last duke of the Szczecin line, Otto III. , in the War of the Szczecin Succession (1464–1479), which turned out to be rather unfavorable for Pomerania because it established Brandenburg's feudal sovereignty over all Pomeranian partial lords, not just Pomerania-Stettin. In the Treaty of Pyritz (1493), Pomeranian Duke Bogislaw X was able to negotiate a more favorable arrangement for him. Brandenburg's final renunciation of feudal sovereignty did not take place until the Treaty of Grimnitz in 1529, which was confirmed by Emperor Charles V in 1530 at the Diet of Augsburg .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Christian von Nettelbladt and Karl Friedrich Wilhelm von Nettelbladt : Nexus Pomeraniae cum SRG, or attempt at a treatise on the liability of the Pomeranian Lands, especially the Royal Swedish share, with the Holy Roman-German Empire . Garbe, Frankfurt / M. 1766, pp. 155-156 .
  2. ↑ Martin Wehrmann : History of Pomerania . Vol. 1, 2nd edition, Friedrich Andreas Perthes, Gotha 1919-21. Reprint: Weltbild Verlag 1992, ISBN 3-89350-112-6 , p. 136
  3. ↑ Christian von Nettelbladt and Karl Friedrich Wilhelm von Nettelbladt : Nexus Pomeraniae cum SRG, or attempt at a treatise on the liability of the Pomeranian Lands, especially the Royal Swedish share, with the Holy Roman-German Empire . Garbe, Frankfurt / M. 1766, pp. 156-160 .