Profile cylinder
Profile cylinder is the most common form of the security door locks used today and a form of the locking cylinder .
history
As early as January 29, 1861, the American Linus Yale applied for a patent for a round cylinder lock with 4 pin tumblers under No. 31278, and on June 27, 1865 his patent 48475 for a round cylinder with 5 pin tumblers followed. The first profile cylinder in Germany was developed by Sylvester Wöhrle, an engineer at Hahn AG for optics and mechanics in Ihringshausen near Kassel , a subsidiary of Goerz AG in Berlin , and a patent was applied for in 1924. This design enabled retrofitting in existing mortise locks. The patent was taken over by Zeiss Ikon in 1927 , whose successor company still produces profile cylinders based on Wöhrle's invention to this day. The Zeiss-Ikon locking technology division became part of the Finnish-Swedish Assa-Abloy group in 1989 as IKON AG . On April 1, 2005 Ikon GmbH Berlin merged with eff eff in Albstadt to form Assa Abloy Sicherheitstechnik GmbH based in Albstadt.
Subspecies
Profile double cylinder
Double cylinders are the most common - they can be locked from both sides with the appropriate key. Accordingly, they are very suitable for entrance doors of houses and apartments, as well as for cellar doors. Because of the double-sided cylinder shape, you can lock the door from the outside and inside.
This cylinder lock also consists of a housing with a rotatable cylinder core. High-quality models are already protected against the most common break-in methods. Accordingly, double cylinders are also ideally suited for security locks. This is why security doors almost always have a double cylinder.
The double cylinder can also be exchanged without any problems. All you have to do is loosen the forend screw . The dimensions of double lock cylinders are also usually standardized. The standard values for this type of profile cylinder are DIN 18252 / EN 1303.
Some double cylinders have a so-called emergency and danger function , which makes it possible to operate the cylinder with a second key even if a key is still on the other side. These cylinders are z. B. particularly suitable for room doors in retirement homes or for entrance doors of higher-lying apartments, as they can be accessed in an emergency (door with the key slammed from the inside). A special emergency key is occasionally used for this function.
For doors that are often used with keys, such as B. House entrance doors, the hazard function is used less often because the construction of the "GF coupling" is borderline and sensitive. There are profile cylinders in a particularly low-wear design as well as seawater-resistant designs for ships and swimming pools, as well as cylinders in a lock-proof design (paracentric special profiles, complicated and precise tumblers).
Short cylinder
Although the short cylinder belongs to the sub-category of profile double cylinders, it is called a short cylinder due to its unusual and particularly short dimensions. It is available in lengths of 22/22 mm, 27/27 mm, 27/33 mm, 27/35 mm and rarely also in length 27/40 mm and can also be obtained with or without emergency and hazard functions.
Knob cylinder
They can be opened from the outside with a suitable key and on the inside with a rotary knob. Knob cylinders are used e.g. B. on doors that can be opened from the inside at any time without a key. Knob cylinders are not permitted on designated escape doors ; according to the European standards EN179 ( emergency exit ) and EN1125 ( escape route ), escape door fittings and panic locks are required. However, there are also special panic locks for use on escape doors that can be combined with a knob cylinder. For this purpose, the mechanics of the lock must be able to guarantee the panic function in any position of the cylinder cam. Such locks are usually manufactured as special locks by various lock manufacturers on request.
Half cylinder
As the name suggests, the half cylinder only has one half in contrast to the profile double cylinder, which is much more used. You will e.g. B. installed in garage doors whose locking mechanism allows opening from the inside without a key.
As far as the length of the half cylinder is concerned, this is selected according to the thickness of the door or gate concerned. Because it is important that the half-cylinder can be flush with the respective door. Half cylinders are available in different lengths, but the basic length is usually 30 mm.
Another special feature of this cylinder design is the locking nose . Because in the case of the half cylinder, you can adjust the locking nose individually. In this respect, it can be adapted to the respective requirements of the lock. This should serve the purpose of being able to adjust the locking nose, for example, for different key switches. This means that half cylinders can also be easily integrated into locking systems.
Other applications are switch locks, e.g. B. of alarm systems, cabinet doors, or key switches z. B. of electric drives. One can this, as with the normal cylinders, either get a single lock or in an existing closure integrate. There are also modern padlocks , e.g. B. for the combination with locking systems that are operated via an inserted half cylinder.
Shift cylinder
They are half cylinders for switching electrical equipment. The switching cylinder actuates a microswitch via a (possibly special) locking nose depending on the key position . There are always special requirements placed on a shift cylinder in terms of the closing path and latching positions. Some act as switches and can be removed in the corresponding switch position. Others are only used as switch buttons.
Engine cylinder
Motorized knob cylinders are able to automatically lock or unlock a door. This can be done, for example, via an electronic control unit (e.g. using a schedule, via an intercom or by entering a code).
Electronic engine cylinders
Electronic motor cylinders are locking cylinders that are regulated by an electronic control unit and are able to motor-operate a door lock depending on a valid electronic identification means held on a special read head provided for this purpose.
Battery cylinder
They are electronic locking cylinders which contain a battery-operated control unit and a read head for electronic identification means as a complete unit in the cylinder or in its knob. There is no complicated wiring of the individual components. This type of cylinder is therefore suitable for an uncomplicated retrofitting of existing mechanical systems. Battery cylinders are available in three different designs.
- As a mechanically coded cylinder with an additional electronic lock z. B. via a blocking magnet. The key contains the necessary electronics in the key bow and is checked for locking authorization via contacts or contactless.
- As an exclusively electronically coded cylinder. The key as such is only required to turn the cylinder and as an identifier carrier. These keys can also contain a specific mechanical profile in order to also lock the purely mechanical cylinders contained in a locking system.
- As a double knob cylinder, the cylinder contains a rotary knob on both sides of the door, which enables purely electronic locking. Only after a purely electronic check of the locking authorization does the release take place and the rotary knob can be operated to close. Without authorization, it goes crazy or blocked. A keyfob , a bracelet or a chip card is sufficient for identification . Access control on both sides is possible.
Freewheel cylinder
The locking nose of the free-wheeling cylinder can be turned freely. The locking nose only engages when the key is inserted. This special form is used in motorized locks (door locks) where a standard cylinder would block the lock. Multi-point locks with panic function often require these cylinders with 360 ° freewheeling, as the gear wheel that encompasses the locking nose must rotate freely when the handle is actuated.
Dummy cylinder
These are massive bodies in the form of a profile cylinder, but they do not have a locking mechanism. They are used to close installation openings for cylinders. This can e.g. B. be necessary for fire doors in which no cylinder is used because they should not be locked, but which still have a lock. The dummy cylinder prevents smoke gases from being able to pull through the opening provided for a cylinder or dirt from getting into the interior of the lock. Since the dummy cylinder can be replaced by a normal profile cylinder at any time, it is easy to make such doors lockable later.
Other designs
According to the design, further distinctions can be made, such as: B. Round cylinder , oval cylinder (also called Scandinavian cylinder ), button cylinder
use
Today profile cylinders are almost the only type of design for door security locks. In the past, designs such as round or oval cylinders are rarely used in Germany. Half cylinders are often used in switches for underground parking gates, etc., barriers, cabinets, distribution cabinets ... and many other options. The profile cylinder is standardized according to DIN 18252 / EN1303 and can be replaced regardless of the make. Many manufacturers also offer their profile cylinders with a security card: only those who identify themselves as the owner of the cylinder with this card can have the keys to such a cylinder copied. This is to prevent further keys from being produced without authorization.
closure
In the case of locking systems, different keys can also fit on one cylinder. Profile cylinders usually operate the lock using a locking nose that turns with the key. With mostly very high quality doors and locks, profile cylinders with two locking lugs or armored bolt locks, which are moved by the profile cylinder via a toothed ring with 10 or 18 teeth, are often used.
Installation / removal
A suitable key is required to install or remove a profile cylinder; depending on the manufacturer and type, this must be turned by 5–90 ° so that the locking lug disappears in the housing. Profile cylinders are locked with a relatively long screw, the so-called " forend screw " with an M5 thread. Elevator cylinders are often fastened from behind using a screw with an M5 thread. The installation of such switching cylinders in elevators and other electrical equipment should, however, always be carried out by an appropriate specialist (elevator technician, electrician, etc.) for safety reasons and also because of the warranty.
The cylinder should be installed in such a way that the nose (the lock bit) points away from the faceplate , i.e. the outer edge of the door. Usually the cylinder can also be installed the other way around, but this can cause problems with the change position in the lock.
Dimensioning
The length of a cylinder is the length of a cylinder, measured from the center of its locking nose (usually the center of the forend screw thread) to the respective locking side. The overall length of a double cylinder basically consists of the dimensions of both sides, while the overall length of a half cylinder consists of one dimension.
The functional length of the respective key (length between the stop and the tip) results in a technical minimum length per locking side. With 5–6-pin locking systems, this is approx. 25–30 mm.
Nowadays, the nominal dimension of 30 mm per side is used as an almost uniform basic length, whereby the actual length (overall length) can vary depending on the manufacturer (30.5 mm / 31 mm / 32 mm are quite possible). Starting from this basic length, cylinders are manufactured in fixed steps as extended. These steps are usually 5 mm per side. Most manufacturers also offer a limited range of cylinders with an undersize of approx. 27 mm. Since cylinders are also required and can be manufactured in asymmetrical lengths, it is not always sufficient to state the required total cylinder length. A cylinder with a total nominal length of 85 mm can contain the following dimensions:
30/55 - 35/50 - 40/45,
As a rule, the first dimension refers to the outside and the second dimension refers to the inside. Pay attention to this when using knob cylinders and cylinders that offer special protection on one side ( anti-drilling protection or pulling protection ). With some manufacturers, this distinction is also necessary if the cylinder is to be equipped with a hazard function.
For all devices to be closed (doors, gates, windows, showcases, cupboards, etc.) where the cylinder is covered by fittings , the respective shield thickness on the outside and, if necessary, inside must be taken into account when dimensioning the cylinder. In the case of so-called core pull protection fittings, there is usually a dimensional tolerance for the cylinder on the outside, which allows a cylinder overhang of x mm-y mm from the door surface.
In the case of cylinders of the simplest quality, there are also particularly short versions of e.g. B. 20 or 25 mm. However, these can only be achieved by reducing the number of pins to 3 or 4 pin tumblers. This means that such cylinders cannot be manufactured as "secured" cylinders or can be integrated into a locking system.
As for measuring the cylinder dimension no continuous space is available, it must when measuring each face (front-side door edge, fitting strength, if necessary, the door folding are) individually measured and added or to obtain a safe level, the cylinder removed and measured accordingly.
Experts use for measuring a cylinder z. B. New building keys that can be pushed into the free cylinder hole and fixed in their installation position with the help of a nose corresponding to the lock bit on the cylinder. These building keys have a scale on the stalk from which the required one-sided nominal dimension can be read. There are also cylinder measuring tools that are aligned to the screwing position of the forend screw , similar to a vernier caliper , and each of which has a leg attached to the cylinder end or the fitting surface.
Some manufacturers now also offer a selection of their locking systems in a modular design. Here, cylinders can also be extended in their overall length (again in steps of usually 5 mm) or shortened to the basic length.
The basic shape of a profile cylinder is defined by the standard and therefore does not differ in terms of dimensions between the manufacturers.
Designations
If one speaks of a double cylinder with a dimension of 31 mm inside and 36 mm outside, it is correctly called "DZ 36/31". In the case of a half cylinder, there is no dimension, so it is called "HZ / 31" for short. For knob cylinders, add an additional "K" in front of the cylinder type and another "K" in front of the dimensioning to indicate that it is a knob cylinder and which side has the knob, for example with "KDZ 36 / K31". A half cylinder with a dimension of 31 mm and a knob is called a knob half cylinder, ie "KHZ / 31". Double cylinders with a hazard function, which can also be locked when a key is inside, are marked with the addition GF, BSZ or "PRIO".
Each cylinder manufacturer has its own article numbers to designate the various cylinder types (e.g. 3100, 7030, 810, 1001.5 are each designation for normal cylinders without special functions). There is a manufacturer who “builds” the overall length into the article number (e.g. 21.228.080.15.05 denotes a 45/35 cylinder).
technology
The technical functionality of a pin cylinder is explained in lock cylinder .
swell
- "Modern lock construction, II. Security locks", Ing. Paul Melzer VDI, Dr. Max Jänicke Verlagbuchhandlung Leipzig, 1938
- "Deutsche Werkmeister-Bücherei, Volume 2, Locks and Locks", edited by Ing. Heinz Gramm, 2nd improved edition by Ing. Kurt Rabe VDI, A. Ziemsen Verlag / Wittenberg Lutherstadt, 1943
- "Door + Fittings - Development, Function, Construction", FW Schlegel, Verlag Fachtechnik GmbH Duisburg, 1958
- "Basic technology lock + fitting", Heinz Pickshaus, professional association of the German hardware and household trade e. V., Düsseldorf, 1990
- "Lock cylinder - development history, technology, application", Jürgen Krühn, Gert Wohlfarth GmbH Verlag Fachtechnik + Mercator-Verlag, 1st edition 1996
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sicherheitstechnik Fermatek - Lexikon Sicherheitstechnik: http://www.sicherheitstechnik.fermatec.de/lexikon-sicherheitstechnik/halbylinder.html