Shiny black bristle

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Shiny black bristle
2008-03-28 Pseudoplectania nigrella cropped.jpg

Shiny black bristle ( Pseudoplectania nigrella )

Systematics
Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina)
Class : Pezizomycetes
Order : Cuplets (Pezizales)
Family : Gelatinous ball relatives (Sarcosomataceae)
Genre : Black bristle ( Pseudoplectania )
Type : Shiny black bristle
Scientific name
Pseudoplectania nigrella
( Pers  .: Fr. ) Fuckel

The shiny or stalked black bristle ( Pseudoplectania nigrella ) is a hose fungus from the Sarcosomataceae family. It can be found in coniferous forests during spring. Researchers have isolated the effective antibiotic plectasin from the fruit bodies .

features

Microfoto: 8 spherical spores mature in the tube (ascus).

Macroscopic features

The sessile fruit bodies reach a height of 1.5 cm and a diameter of 1 to 3 cm. Initially closed almost spherically, they open into a veiny, wrinkled disc. The edge is sharp and finally torn. The glossy black fruit layer becomes matt with age. Outside, the fruiting bodies are brown-black as well as dense and briefly tomentose. The coarse, odorless meat is white-gray in color.

Microscopic features

The cylindrical tubes ( asci ) have an elongated base and are 300-325 µm long. The round, smooth spores have a diameter of 10 to 12 µm. The sterile elements in the fruit layer ( paraphyses ) are elongated and brown in color.

Species delimitation

The fruit body of the fir-black bristle preform ( P. vogesiaca ) appear immediately after the snow has melted to lying trunks and branches of silver fir . The much rarer peat moss black bristle ( P. sphagnophila ) grows on peat moss in early summer . In addition to the special habitat, it is characterized by deeply shaped cups.

ecology

The glossy black bristle is a type of coniferous forest. It occurs mainly in spruce stands, regardless of whether they are of natural origin or artificially grown, such as in the North German Plain and in the Bohemian Basin . The fungus lives saprobically in raw humus between rotting needles.

Its fruiting bodies usually appear gregarious in late winter to spring in mossy areas.

distribution

The fungus is found worldwide and has been found in North America, the Caribbean, Europe, India, Madagascar, New Zealand and Japan.

meaning

Illustration of the secondary structure of plectasin

Defensins are protein- based antibiotics that are mostly found in animals and higher plants. Plectasin was discovered in Pseudoplectania nigrella and is the first defensin to be isolated from a fungus. The chemical structure of plectasin is similar to defensins found in spiders, scorpions, dragonflies, and clams. In laboratory tests, Plectasin successfully inhibited the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae , even in strains that are resistant to conventional antibiotics . Plectasin is only mildly toxic in mice and cures them of peritonitis and pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and therefore shows its therapeutic potential.

swell

literature

  • Svengunnar Ryman, Ingmar Holmåsen: Mushrooms. Over 1,500 species of mushrooms are described in detail and photographed in their natural surroundings . Bernhard Thalacker, Braunschweig 1992, ISBN 3-87815-043-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Edmund Michael, Bruno Hennig, Hanns Kreisel: Handbook for mushroom friends. Vol. 2: Non-leaf mushrooms. 3., rework. Edition. Fischer Verlag, Jena 1986, ISBN 3-437-30347-3 .
  2. ^ Fred J. Seaver: The genus Pseudoplectania . In: Mycologia. Volume 5, No. 6, 1913, pp. 299-302.
  3. ↑ a b c Hans Kreisel: Mushrooms of the moors and banks of northern Germany. III. Pseudoplectania sphagnophila (Fr. pro var.) Gyroscope nov. comb. (PDF; 339 kB). In: Westphalian mushroom letters . (PDF; 330 kB). Volume 3, No. 19, 1969, pp. 74-78.
  4. ^ Richard WG Dennis: Operculate Discomycetes from Trinidad and Jamaica . In: Kew Bulletin. Volume 9, No. 3, 1954, pp. 417-421.
  5. ^ John W. Paden: Sarcosomataceae (Pezizales, Sarcoscyphineae) . In: Flora Neotropica. Volume 37, 1983, pp. 1-16.
  6. ^ Y. Otani: Sarcoscyphineae of Japan. In: Nippon Kingakukai Kaiho. Volume 21, No. 2, 1980, pp. 149-179.
  7. ↑ Per H. Mygind, Rikke L. Fischer, Kirk M. Schnorr, Mogens T. Hansen, Carsten P. Sönksen, Svend Ludvigsen, Dorotea Raventós, Steen Buskov, Bjarke Christensen, Leonardo De Maria, Olivier Taboureau, Debbie Yaver, Signe G Elvig-Jørgensen, Marianne V. Sørensen, Bjørn E. Christensen, Søren Kjærulff, Niels Frimodt-Moller, Robert I. Lehrer, Michael Zasloff, Hans-Henrik Kristensen: Plectasin is a peptide antibiotic with therapeutic potential from a saprophytic fungus. In: Nature. Vol 437, No. 7061. 2005, pp. 975-980. doi: 10.1038 / nature04051

Web links

Commons : Pseudoplectania nigrella  - collection of images, videos and audio files