Puhua

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Puhua ( Chinese  普 化 鎮  /  普 化 镇 , Pinyin Pǔhuà Zhèn ) is a large community in Lantian County in the Chinese province of Shaanxi . Puhua has an area of ​​124 km², of which 3547 hectares are arable land. At the end of 2019, around 56,000 inhabitants lived in the large municipality, which consists of 31 administrative villages, 34,000 of whom were gainfully employed, mostly in agriculture.

history

Puhua was originally a rural community in Lantian County, located on the Ba River about 8 km east of what is now the administrative center of Languan. In 1958 the community was transformed into a people's commune as part of the great leap forward , which in 1966, at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution , was renamed "Kommune Vorwärts" (前进 公社). In 1971 the Puhua People's Commune got its old name back. From 1972, the Seventh Ministry of Mechanical Engineering, responsible for missiles and nuclear weapons, relocated the “ Base 063 ”, where solid rocket engines were developed, from Hohhot to Lantian because of the escalating tensions with the Soviet Union . According to the rules for the “ Third Front ”, the facilities were distributed across the entire district, with a shuttle bus between the laboratories and factories. The base research institute 43, headed by chief engineer Li Xuemin (李学敏, * 1941), was initially housed in the Shuilu Temple at the foot of the Qinling Mountains . Later, a few hundred meters northeast of the temple, outside the village of Hewankou (河湾 口 村), a large residential complex was built.

In 1984 the Puhua People's Commune was dissolved as part of the reform and opening-up policy and converted back into a municipality. In 1996 the municipality of Puhua consisted of 26 administrative villages, it had an area of ​​100 km² and 33,000 inhabitants. A few kilometers east of Puhua, also on the Ba River, was originally the community of Malou (马 楼乡). This was first converted into a people's commune in 1961, then in 1984 after the commune was dissolved again into a commune, which in 1996 consisted of 14 administrative villages. In 2002, the parishes of Malou and Puhua were merged to form today's large parish of Puhua. The originally 40 administrative villages were reduced from 2012 through amalgamation to 31 in 2016.

Shuilu Temple

The Shuilu Temple ( Chinese  水陸 庵  /  水陆 庵 , Pinyin Shuǐ-Lù Ān ), a few kilometers southeast of Puhua at the foot of the Wangshun Mountain (王顺 山), was originally a branch of the Wuzhen founded in 594 during the Sui dynasty Monastery (悟真 寺) and is therefore one of the oldest temples in China, together with the Shaolin monastery. During the Buddhist persecution under Emperor Li Yan (844-846), the monastery was largely destroyed, only the Shuilu or water-land hall (水陆 殿) remained. The name is derived from the fact that the temple complex is on the banks of the Qinghe (清河), an inlet of the Ba River. In popular parlance, the “hall” (殿) later became a “nunnery” (庵), although only monks had lived there - more than 1000 in the entire Wuzhen complex at the best of times.

Zhu Huaiquan (朱 怀 埢, 1524–1566), member of the imperial family and Prince of Qin (秦王) since 1548, used to travel to the area frequently to enjoy the scenic beauty. He named the Shuilu Hall the house temple of the Prince's Palace and from 1563 had it expanded into a four-sided courtyard with a rear building and two side buildings. Thirteen inner walls of the complex were decorated with more than 3700 large and small, brightly painted plaster figures from the Buddhist pantheon. This work continued until 1567, a year after Zhu Huaiquan's death. On November 20, 1996, Shuilu Temple was added to the list of national monuments by the State Council of the People's Republic of China .

The "Shuihui music" (水 会 音乐) performed in the Shuilu Temple goes back to the Tang dynasty , when there was a major drought in the central Shaanxi plain during the government motto of Zhenyuan (785-805) . As a result, Emperor Li Shi gave orders that the people of the Chang'an area should pray for rain. Numerous bands were formed, which prayed for rain with a mixture of court music and folk music at the time; the best bands received a reward from the emperor. This custom of the rain prayer music competition has survived to this day in the entire central plain. In Puhua a “Big Shuilu-Meeting” (水陆 大会) is held for this purpose, or 水 会 for short, which means “Water Meeting”. Two types of music are performed: the processional music (行乐) and the "sitting music" (坐 乐), where sutras are recited in the temple to the music. On May 20, 2006, Shuihui music was inscribed on the Intangible Cultural Heritage List of the People's Republic of China .

Transport links

The national road 312 runs through the southwestern part of the municipality from Shanghai via Xi'an to Urumqi and Kazakhstan . The Shanghai – Xi'an motorway runs right on the northern outskirts of Puhua . Puhua is also connected to Weinan via State Road 107 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. 普 化 镇 简介. In: lantian.gov.cn. March 21, 2020, accessed April 7, 2020 (Chinese).
  2. 代号 063 : 蓝田 日 暖 往事 如烟. In: aaspt.net. July 24, 2015, accessed April 8, 2020 (Chinese).
  3. 重 走 三 线路 之 063 基地. In: zhuanti.spacechina.com. July 27, 2015, accessed April 7, 2020 (Chinese). 01:27.
  4. 高 辰: 中国 导弹 发动机 任务 重 ​​深山 废弃 30 年 生产 线 重 开工. In: chinanews.com. July 23, 2015, accessed April 7, 2020 (Chinese).
  5. 普 化 镇. In: xzqh.org. September 2, 2011, accessed April 7, 2020 (Chinese).
  6. 2016 年 统计 用 区划 代码 和 城乡 划分 代码 : 普 化 镇. In: stats.gov.cn. Retrieved April 7, 2020 (Chinese).
  7. 唯 见 灞河 万古 流. In: news.ifeng.com. May 20, 2015, accessed April 7, 2020 (Chinese).
  8. 刘 潇: 走近 陕西 水陆 庵 古代 壁 塑 群. In: ah.xinhuanet.com. December 31, 2014, accessed April 8, 2020 (Chinese).
  9. 3700 余 尊 泥塑 栩栩如生 走近 水陆 庵 古代 壁 塑 群. In: k.sina.cn. December 13, 2019, accessed April 8, 2020 (Chinese).
  10. 曹晓轩: 国务院 关于 公布 第四批 全国 重点 文物保护 单位 的 通知. In: gov.cn. July 21, 2014, accessed April 8, 2020 (Chinese).
  11. 宋春燕: 蓝田县 普 化 镇 欢迎 您! In: lantianxian.cn. May 30, 2014, accessed April 8, 2020 (Chinese).
  12. 国家级 非 物质 文化遗产 代表性 项目 名录. In: ihchina.cn. Retrieved April 8, 2020 (Chinese).

Coordinates: 34 ° 9 '  N , 109 ° 24'  E