Academy for solid rocket engine technology

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The Academy for Solid Rocket Engine Technology ( Chinese  航天 動力 技術 研究院  /  航天 动力 技术 研究院 ), also called the “Fourth Academy” (四 院) for historical reasons , is often abbreviated to “AASPT” because of the English name Academy of Aerospace Solid Propulsion Technology the lead company of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation for the solid rocket propulsion business . In addition, AASPT is also an actual academy, with the authorization to award engineering degrees and jobs for doctoral students. The company's headquarters are located in the Baqiao District of Xi'an , Shaanxi Province .

history

When the then engineering office for mechanical and electrical engineering in Shanghai worked on the development of sounding rockets from 1958 under the direction of Wang Xiji , they still built the solid booster themselves, with an adventurous ignition mechanism made from a flashlight bulb. At the same time, there was also a group of engineers in the 5th Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense in Beijing who were working on the development of solid rocket engines. On February 26, 1961, under the impression of the break with the Soviet Union, ordered Major General Liu Youguang (刘有光, 1914-2001), the political commissioner of the 5th Research Institute, that this group should leave Beijing and set up a new facility in the interior. The engineers first went to Xi'an. After the Defense Technology Commission of the People's Liberation Army had approved the construction of the improved sounding rocket T-7A in January 1962 , the company moved to Luzhou in Sichuan in May 1962 , where on July 1, 1962 the "Research Institute for Solid Propulsion Systems" (固体 发动机 研究所, Pinyin Gùtǐ Fādòngjī Yánjiūsuǒ ), also known as "Base 063" (○ 六 三 基地, Pinyin Líng Liù Sān Jīdì ).

When, in the course of a reorganization in 1963, the original three branch institutes of the 5th Research Institute were each assigned a missile type ( surface-to-surface missiles , anti-ship missiles, etc.), the research institute for solid propulsion was transformed into “4. Branch of the 5th Research Institute “(五 院 四 分院) renamed, his field of work continued to be solid propellant rocket motors. On January 4, 1965, the 5th Research Institute was outsourced from the Ministry of Defense by decision of the National People's Congress and converted into the independent "Seventh Ministry of Mechanical Engineering". The 4th branch institute was now in “4. Academy of the Seventh Ministry of Mechanical Engineering “(第七 机械 工业 部 第四 研究院, Pinyin Dì Qī Jīxiè Gōngyè Bù Dìsì Yánjiūyuàn ) renamed. In the meantime it had become apparent that the humid climate in Sichuan was not favorable for filling the rockets with fuel. Therefore, the 4th Academy moved to Hohhot in Inner Mongolia in 1965 , where the climate was much drier.

The first major project in Hohhot was a 2.2 m long test rocket with the "01A solid rocket engine" (固体 火箭 发动机, Pinyin Gùtǐ Huǒjiàn Fādòngjī , hence "GF-01A" for short), which was mounted on a T-7A sounding rocket in August 1968 and was used in the course of the development of a launch vehicle for China's first satellite to test the reliable ignition of a solid propulsion engine at high altitude. This was made more complicated by the fact that the rocket stage was set in a longitudinal rotation of 180 revolutions per minute by a small auxiliary rocket before ignition in order to stabilize it during the burn time of the solid propulsion system .

During the first test on the test bench on January 26, 1968, the rocket stage was still rotating at 240 revolutions per minute. After 30 seconds, however, the bottom of the combustion chamber (i.e. the top of the rocket) burned through and the rapidly rotating steel body flew out of its holder. An investigation showed that the hot aluminum oxide , which was formed during the combustion of the solid propellant consisting of ammonium perchlorate and aluminum powder with polysulfide rubber as a binder, had migrated to the upper end of the combustion chamber as a result of the rotation. The problem could partly be solved by reducing the aluminum powder content, but at the same time the rotation speed had to be reduced.

The flight tests on August 8 and 20, 1968, each of which reached an altitude of 311 km, were successful, and so the 4th Academy built the 3rd stage (4 m long and 77 cm diameter) of the Changzheng 1 , a modified medium-range missile of the type Dongfeng 2A . For the real rocket, the GF-02 engine, which has been in development since 1965, was used with a thrust of 181 kN. With 1.8 tons of solid propellant, which was burned within 38 seconds, the 3rd stage successfully lifted the 173 kg satellite Dong Fang Hong I into earth orbit on April 24, 1970.

In the meantime, with the incident on the Ussuri and the fighting at the Djungarian Gate in 1969, tensions with the Soviet Union had escalated again. The Hohhot location was no longer felt to be safe. In 1972, a planning group was set up at the Seventh Ministry under the direction of Feng Ji (冯骥, * 1931) from the Beijing 211 factory to look for a new location. A suitable location was found in a valley in Lantian County near Xi'an , and Feng Ji went there in 1972 to organize the establishment of the facility there. But it was not until 1974 that part of the 4th Academy could be relocated to Lantian. The new facility was called "Basis 063" again. The engineers who stayed behind in Hohhot later formed the nucleus of the 6th Academy of the armaments company that has been known as the " China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation " since June 2001 .

The Seventh Ministry of Mechanical Engineering was adapted several times from 1982 onwards to the new market economy structures as part of the reform and opening policy . From March 1993, what was de facto a company for a long time was now officially called the “umbrella company for the space industry” (中国 航天 工业 总公司, Pinyin Zhōngguó Hángtiān Gōngyè Zǒnggōngsī ). The 4th Academy had always been part of the current holding company over the years, but had developed all kinds of new materials, ignition mechanisms for car airbags, hail rockets, etc. as a by-product of engine construction . On July 23, 1993, the umbrella company for the aerospace industry founded the “ Shaanxi Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation ” (陕西 航天 科技 集团 有限公司), a limited liability company with registered capital of 500 million yuan, which in turn was the parent company for nine (now 17) companies who deal with the manufacture and marketing of civilian products. Shaanxi Aerospace is not subordinate to the Academy for Solid Rocket Engine Technology, but directly to today's China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, and has a separate company headquarters in the Yanta district of Xi'an.

Business areas

The academy for solid rocket engine technology is active, both itself and through subsidiaries, on the one hand in the service sector, where it provides sales, spare parts, service and brokerage of customer services in infrastructure projects such as the scales developed at Forschungsinstitut 44 for the toll stations on highways, logistics and car trading. Feedback for the manufacturer is active. Second, things are still being made. In addition to the old core business of engine construction, the company deals with applications of solid propellant rockets, fine chemicals , composite materials and special metals , with the focus today on materials and their civilian applications. Today AASPT has five research institutes and three factories:

  • Research Institute 41 (engine design), Xi'an
  • Research Institute 42 ( Chemical Engineering ), Xiangyang
  • Research Institute 43 (Composites), Xi'an
  • Research Institute 44 (Electrical Appliances), Xi'an
  • Research Institute 401 (engine telemetry and control), Xi'an
  • Rocket Engine Factory, Xi'an (西安 航天 动力 机械 厂), formerly State Factory 7414 (国营 七 四 一 四 厂)
  • Rocket Fuel Factory, Xi'an (西安 航天 化学 动力 厂), formerly State Factory 7416 (国营 七 四 一 六厂)
  • Factory for electromechanics in space travel, Lantian (西安 航天 新宇 机电 设备 厂), formerly State Factory 7424 (国营 七 四 二四 厂)

One of the most important projects is currently the development of two-stage solid fuel boosters for the launch vehicles Kuaizhou 21 and Kuaizhou 31 . With this method, it is possible to accommodate more fuel in the boosters with a given diameter, i.e. to increase the total burning time. The Academy for Solid Rocket Engine Technology has already successfully tested such two-stage boosters in versions with a diameter of 1 m, 2 m and 3 m. At the end of November 2019, a test with synchronized ignition and the operation of two 2 m boosters was successful.

The director of the Academy for Solid Rocket Engine Technology has been Deng Hongbing (邓红兵) since December 4, 2019, who until then was responsible for the company's armaments projects in addition to his work as party secretary (since 2017). The Solid Rocket Engine Technology Academy is expected to generate annual gross sales of 5.4 billion yuan and annual profit of approximately 300 million yuan with approximately 12,000 employees during the 13th five-year plan (2016-2020).

Teaching

In 1986, the State Council of the People's Republic of China (国务院 学位 委员会, now part of the Ministry of Education ) granted the Academy of Solid Rocket Engine Technology the right to accept students and award engineering degrees. Today there are four engineering courses as well as one doctoral course, in which the doctoral students have to be enrolled at a regular university but work on their dissertation at research institutes of the AASPT. Currently (2019), a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and 240 science councils with the rank of professors (研究员) teach at the Academy of Solid Rocket Engine Technology. 10 professors supervise doctoral students, 50 professors supervise the diploma theses of engineering students. The main goal is to train qualified personnel for the company, but the Academy for Solid Rocket Engine Technology has also been granted more than 200 patents for fundamental developments in the defense sector.

subsidiary company

After numerous companies were transferred to Shaanxi Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, the Academy for Solid Rocket Engine Technology still has the following subsidiaries :

  • Shaanxi Ninghang Science, Technology and Industry (陕西 宁 航 科技 工业 公司)
  • Xiangyang Space Materials GmbH, Xi'an (西安 向阳 航天 材料 有限公司)
  • Kangben materials GmbH, Xi'an (西安康 本 材料 有限公司)
  • Sanyou Dissan Schutzfolien GmbH, Changzhou (常州 山 由 帝 杉 防护 材料 制造 有限公司)
  • Jiangsu Xingyuan Circuit Board Material Ltd. (江苏 航天 星 源 电子 新 材料 有限公司)
  • Shaanxi Longteng Kfz-Dienstleistungs GmbH (陕西 航天 龙腾 汽车 服务 有限公司)
  • Lantianda Autogas -Technologie GmbH, Beijing (北京 兰 天 达 汽车 清洁 燃料 技术 有限公司)

Web links

Individual evidence

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  3. ↑ Stephen Uhalley Jr .: A History of the Chinese Communist Party. Hoover Institution Press, Stanford 1988, p. 127.
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  6. ↑ 航天 动力 技术 研究院 简介. In: aaspt.net. Retrieved December 21, 2019 (Chinese).
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  9. ↑ CZ-1D-3 in the Encyclopedia Astronautica , accessed December 21, 2019.
  10. ↑ T-7 / GF-01A in the Encyclopedia Astronautica , accessed on December 21, 2019 (English).
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  18. ↑ 航天 动力 技术 研究院 简介. In: aaspt.net. Retrieved December 22, 2019 (Chinese).
  19. ↑ 动态 公路 检 重 系统. In: aaspt.net. December 4, 2014, accessed December 24, 2019 (Chinese).
  20. ↑ 中国 航天 系统 的 机构 组成 名录. In: spaceflightfans.cn. Retrieved March 17, 2020 (Chinese).
  21. ↑ 组织 机构. In: aaspt.net. Retrieved December 23, 2019 (Chinese).
  22. ↑ 堵 开源: 中国 新一代 中型 运载火箭 固体 发动机 试车 成功 有望 大幅 降低 发射 成本. In: guancha.cn. July 5, 2018, accessed January 31, 2020 (Chinese). At the booster manufacturer, the 4th Academy of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation was confused in this article with the 4th Academy of the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, which manufactures the launch vehicles.
  23. ↑ 陆 贺 建 、 陈旭 、 付毅飞: 我国 新一代 中型 运载火箭 固体 发动机 试车 成功. In: military.people.com.cn. July 5, 2018, accessed January 31, 2020 (Chinese).
  24. ↑ 新一代 中型 运载火箭 固体 助推 发动机 联 试 成功. In: spacechina.com. November 29, 2019, accessed January 31, 2020 (Chinese).
  25. ↑ 宋成坤: 航天 科技 集团 四 院 领导 班子 调整. In: spacechina.com. December 6, 2019, accessed December 23, 2019 (Chinese).
  26. ↑ 宋成坤 、 路 永明: 四 院 领导 班子 调整 ， 张 康 助 不再 担任 院 党委 书记 、 副 院长 ， 邓红兵 任 院 党委 书记. In: sohu.com. September 9, 2017, Retrieved December 23, 2019 (Chinese).
  27. ↑ 王 玫 、 荣元昭 、 叶玉春: 中国 航天 科技 集团公司 四 院 提升 固体 动力 试验 能力 、 建设 试验 新区 侧记. In: 9ifly.cn. January 2, 2013, accessed December 23, 2019 (Chinese).
  28. ↑ 军工 汇: 中国 航天 科技 集团 深度 分析. In: kuaibao.qq.com. June 8, 2018, accessed December 24, 2019 (Chinese). 1 euro is about 7.5 yuan.
  29. ↑ 广纳 英才. In: aaspt.net. Retrieved December 24, 2019 (Chinese).
  30. ↑ 航天 动力 技术 研究院 简介. In: aaspt.net. Retrieved December 24, 2019 (Chinese).
  31. ↑ About Us. In: aeromat.cn. Retrieved December 23, 2019 .
  32. ↑ 企业 简介. In: sanyoudissan.com. Retrieved December 23, 2019 (Chinese).
  33. ↑ 无卤 环保 覆 铜箔 板. In: aaspt.net. December 4, 2014, accessed December 23, 2019 (Chinese).
  34. ↑ 组织 机构. In: aaspt.net. Retrieved December 23, 2019 (Chinese).

Coordinates: 34 ° 17 '58.3 "  N , 109 ° 7' 4.3"  E