Purple certificate
Purple certificate is the name for a medieval document that was written on purple-dyed parchment .
Purple was one of the most expensive dyes in ancient times . It was obtained from the secretion of purple snails in a lengthy process.
Purple certificates were first made in the chancellery of the Byzantine emperors in Constantinople . Some of these documents are known to various popes in the 12th century. A few purple certificates have been preserved from the Ottonian chancellery since the 10th century. These were mostly replicas of originals on undyed parchment. A purple certificate from the 12th century is also known from the Kingdom of Sicily .
Purple certificates
| Illustration | designation | year | Exhibitors | receiver | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Privilegium Ottonianum | 962 | Otto I. | Pope John XII | Confirmation of ownership and guarantee of protection for the Papal States, confirmation of the Constitutio Romana | |
 |
Marriage certificate of the Empress Theophanu | 972 | Otto II. | Princess Theophanu of Byzantium | Endowment certificate on the occasion of Otto's marriage to Theophanu, nominated as World Document Heritage in 2005, but rejected by UNESCO |
| Privilegium Heinricianum | 1020 | Henry II | Pope | Confirmation of the Privilegium Ottonianum | |
| Certificate | 1035 | Konrad II. | |||
| Certificate | 1074 | Henry IV. | |||
| Certificate | 1095 | Henry IV. | |||
 |
Codicleless | 1109 | Alexios I of Byzantium | Christodulos , civil servant in Sicily | Awarded the honorary title of Protonobilissimus |
| Certificate | 1134 | Roger II of Sicily | Pierleoni family | Privilege for the family of Antipope Anaklet II. | |
| Certificate | 1147 | Conrad III. | Corvey Monastery | Confirmation of ownership | |
| Certificate | 1152 | Friedrich I. | Corvey Monastery | Confirmation of ownership |
literature
- Carlrichard Brühl : purple certificates . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 7, LexMA-Verlag, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-7608-8907-7 , Sp. 333 f.
- Carlrichard Brühl : purple certificates. In: Kurt-Ulrich Jäschke , Reinhard Wenskus (ed.): Festschrift for Helmut Beumann on his 65th birthday. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1977, ISBN 3-7995-7006-3 , pp. 3–21. ( Digitized version )
Web links
- Horst Enzensberger : Medieval documents: Symbol and signs : purple certificates . Lecture series "Signs" University of Bamberg (May 27, 2002)
- Literature on purple certificates in the Opac of the Regesta Imperii