Pushkin promenade (Cottbus)
The Pushkin promenade , in Lower Sorbian Puškinowa promenada , is a park in Cottbus and runs along the entire north side of the old town and connects Zimmerstrasse with Karl-Marx-Strasse. Only the north side of the promenade is built on.
overview
At the beginning of the 19th century there were only three houses on this street. The first cloth factory outside the city followed in 1835, which later had to give way to city villas. With the construction of the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Gymnasium in 1865 a fundamental change in the urban structure began. Ten representative villa buildings were built between 1874 and 1878, as well as three rental houses and the Augusta School in the 1880s. The southern side of the Pushkin Promenade is an urban green area on the former Luckauer Wall. It is named after the Russian poet Alexander Sergejewitsch Pushkin . The Pushkin promenade is an essential part of the green spaces in the area of the former ramparts that characterizes the townscape and is therefore important for urban development.
history
In 1744 two thousand mulberry trees were grown on the “Stadtgraben” to plant the walls, streets and public spaces. On August 15, 1813, at the western end of the Luckauer Wall, a "Napoleon linden tree" was planted in a first designed small park. In 1829 the magistrate leased the mulberry trees and the names "Promenadenalleen" and "Wallpromenade" appeared for the first time. After 1830, the areas between the city wall and the inner city moat were leased to residents with the condition that gardens be laid out there. The Beautification Association, founded in 1872, had the first modest jewelry system built in the area of the memorial for the fallen in the wars of 1864 , 1866 and 1870/71 . In 1964 this victory column was removed. The Luckauer Wall was also redesigned in 1886 by the Beautification Association into a typical Wilhelminian style with paths, roundels and ornamental plantings that were bordered by low hedges. In 1892 a playground was added at the eastern end. From 1905, another jewelry complex was created at the western end with the "Japanese Pavilion".
The hollow between the inner city moat and the Luckauer Wall was still provided with gardens in 1945. In 1949/50 it was almost completely backfilled with the debris from the war ruins in the "Two-Year Debris Removal Plan". In June 1949 the name was changed to Pushkin Promenade. From the winter of 1956/57, the former promenade and the backfilled areas were redesigned into a connected green area . In 1958 an ice rink was built in a preserved area of the pit in the eastern part of the promenade. Adjacent to this, a heap of rubble and rubbish was transformed into a toboggan hill, planted and made accessible with paths. In the following decades the Pushkin promenade was redesigned again and again. An angular path system with numerous seats, herbaceous borders, natural stone walls and slab surfaces was created. Outdoor chess, a water garden and fountains were integrated. The addition of large sand play areas, paved areas with table tennis tables and play equipment as well as the toboggan hill impaired the park character of the promenade.
On the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the GDR , the honorary grove for the victims of fascism and militarism was inaugurated in the area of the former water garden. In 1981 numerous sculptures of the IX. International Hoyerswerda Sculpture Symposium set up in the park. In preparation for the Federal Horticultural Show in 1995, paths, plazas, natural stone walls, the fountains as well as the perennial plantations and the wooded area were renovated. The planned remodeling carried out during the GDR era was retained. Only subsequent disruptive interventions were corrected (dismantling of the paths and squares introduced later, relocation of the oversized play areas). The eastern end section (then overgrown and misused as a parking lot) was restored. The removal of the toboggan hill and the sealed area of the ice rink failed because of the costs, because the soil there is heavily contaminated with heavy metals and would entail an unreasonable financial outlay.
Architectural monuments
| location | designation | description | image | |
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| 1 | Pushkin Promenade 1–15a, Zimmerstrasse 1/2 | Pushkinpromenade: Section of the street Pushkinpromenade between Friedrich-Ebert-Straße and Zimmerstraße including the buildings on the north side of the street with the typical front gardens and their enclosures as well as the old trees | Today's Pushkin Promenade from the 19th century is the centuries-old connecting route in a west-east direction from the three Brunschwig villages to the only Spree crossing to Sandow . It runs along the city fortifications on the north side of the old town from today's Karl-Marx-Straße to Zimmerstraße on the banks of the Spree. Called Promenade Street since 1879 and Promenade from 1892, it was named after the Russian poet Alexander Sergejewitsch Pushkin in 1949 . The promenade was built on the former Luckauer Wall in the second half of the 19th century. Successful manufacturers and business people had representative villas built in the ostentatious style of the imperial era at the gates of Cottbus. After extensive renovations in recent years, the promenade shines again in its old splendor.
Due to its streetscape with buildings, fences and the green zone with tree-like trees, the Pushkin Promenade has been protected as a monument area since the 1970s. |
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| 2 | Pushkin Promenade | Grove of honor for the victims of fascism and militarism | The grove of honor for the victims of fascism and militarism is located in the Pushkin promenade, near the northern city wall and in the area of the former ramparts of Cottbus.
In the center of the oversized monument, a single falling bronze group and a group of bronze flanked by sandstone can be seen in the small system, which is fastened with concrete slabs. The back wall of the group sculpture is made of Vogtland slate and represents a wavy banner. It is supposed to represent the victims who were killed in the bombing raid on February 15, 1945 during the Second World War and it shows the struggle of young women and men against fascism. The memorial was erected by the artist Heinz Mamat in 1979, and was inaugurated on September 9, 1979 on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the GDR. Heinz Mamat has lived in Cottbus since 1962 and worked with bronze, granite, concrete and wood. He died in January 2017. In the 80s, the figures were rearranged, in autumn 2004 the figures were dismantled, cleaned and repaired, and the base and the stand area restored. The memorial should be a reminder for the population. A figure by the sculptor “Das Sitzende Mädchen” (1966) disappeared without a trace and was found again in 2011 after more than 20 years. With the help of the Jürgen von Woyski Foundation, it was possible to put the sculpture back on its old place in Hoyerswerda. |
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| 3 | Pushkin Promenade 2 | Rental house | The building owner Oskar Mittag had the apartment building in Pushkinpromenade 2 built in 1881/82. In the years from 1997 to 2000 the building was extensively renovated and reconstructed; among other things, the flat roof was set back and an increase was made. The front side was restored in accordance with historical preservation criteria, while the side and rear fronts of the facade were modernized and simply designed.
This three-storey house has a high basement, above it in the middle, within the three storeys, the very elaborately designed main floor. Dominant on the face side of the numerous details designed pages is left bay window with a balcony statements. In the bay window on the main floor there are narrow, high windows with half-columns and capitals , above in the balcony area there is an arched window in half-columns between two narrow side windows. The window fronts were designed differently with profiled frames, lintel blocks and decorated keystones. The end of the facade, which extends to the roof with a cantilevered cornice, is characterized by a high parapet with strong friezes over plastered fields and ornaments. The house entrance, modeled on a portal, is framed by strong pillars. The colored entrance hall is lavishly decorated with egg and leaf friezes as well as a marbled plaster mirror. Large parts of the interior fittings from the construction period have been preserved, including a. the main staircase with the skylight, the apartment and room doors and the stucco ceilings. The lancet fence from the construction period on a brick base that surrounds the property is also well preserved. This residential building documents the imperial rental housing construction at the turn of the century with all stylistic elements |
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| 4th | Pushkin Promenade 6 | Friedrich Wilhelm High School | A Latin school was built on Oberkirchplatz in Cottbus as early as 1715, a two-story half-timbered building with a representative facade. After 1818 run as a lyceum , King Friedrich Wilhelm III. on March 20, 1820 the school took its name. It was recognized as a school of scholars. Because more and more children wanted to go to this secondary school, it was too small by 1850. In 1860, the city acquired the building plot in what would later be Pushkin Promenade 6 for a planned new building. From 1865 to 1867 the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Gymnasium, planned by the architect and Prussian court building advisor Adolf Lohse, was built by the Cottbus company of the master mason Friedrich Wilhelm Schneider. The large three-wing complex was built on the corner property on Dreifertstrasse under a flat gable roof , the side wings of which protrude towards the Pushkin promenade. Above the basement there are two main floors and a lower upper floor (attic), the smaller windows indicate the lower room height.
The storey and window levels are structured by cornices. A large, centrally arranged flight of stairs under an entrance hall dominates the main facade. On the mezzanine floor, the lower-lying windows are highlighted by the plaster bands. The second floor is divided by pillars, the windows are emphasized by decorative elements and cornice roofing. Above the entrance, large, formerly colored glazed arched windows point to the large auditorium. On the outer wings, the three-storey staircase buildings with arched windows have been erected on a polygonal floor plan. The interiors are kept simple, only the auditorium is more elaborate with a stucco ceiling, pillars and a console cornice. The color scheme from 1867 (stucco elements and ceiling in white, wall panels in antique red) was rediscovered during the restoration in 2001 and renewed or used. In the former grammar school, the students of the Erich Kästner elementary school are taught today. |
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| 5 | Pushkin Promenade 6a | Director's residence | The director's house of the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Gymnasium was built in 1906/1907 on the western side of the schoolyard. The Prussian district building inspection of Cottbus under the direction of the secret building councilor Robert Beutler was responsible for the construction of the house, which stands directly on the Pushkin promenade. It is a neo - classical two-story building under a moving roof landscape with a triangular gable with oculus on the front. The facade of the ground floor is noticeable by a plaster band that follows the lintel as a square. On the upper floor, the windows are decorated with drilled fascias and gable or cornice roofing. The two right outer axes are weakly drawn forward as a risalit , which is closed by the triangular gable. An arbor with a balcony was also placed in front of the risalit. The eastern facade facing the school has a wooden veranda and a side elevation with varying window shapes. Together with the striking building of the grammar school, the director's house sets special urban accents. |
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| 6th | Pushkin Promenade 11 | Residential house with enclosure | The property at the corner of Puschkinpromenade / Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße was built on in 1875. The villa-like building has a high basement, 3 floors and is covered by flat hipped roofs . The floor area of the house is V-shaped, the open side faces the Pushkin promenade. In the truncated gusset there is a rounded two-storey arbor . The house sides are faced with bricks and simple plaster decor. These facade elements divide the individual floors vertically. The window coverings consist of plaster frames, pilaster strips and cornice roofing. On the upper floor, three-dimensional garlands are attached to the fall zone. A cornice over a tooth cut and an egg stick completes the facade. A four-storey staircase risalit was connected to the right north side. The well-preserved staircase is provided with richly decorated cast iron risers and railings. The property is fenced off towards the street by a row of lancet fence with pillars on a brick base.
Today the building houses part of the Spree school; Special school with a focus on "intellectual development". For this purpose, a handicapped accessible elevator was installed at the western entrance. |
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| 7th | Pushkin Promenade 13/14 | Augusta School (today Conservatory) | The Augusta School (Conservatory) was founded in 1873 as a school for girls. It was named after Empress Augusta . New Baroque was combined with Art Nouveau forms. In the years 2006–2012 the installation of an elevator and the construction of a barrier-free entrance took place. In terms of architectural history, the school is one of the outstanding representatives of municipal construction around 1910 in Niederlausitz. |
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| 8th | Pushkin Promenade 15 | Garden shed | The garden house was built around 1800 by the renowned Lutze family of cloth makers.
Until the years 1883/84, the summer house was recorded in the address book of the time as the summer home of the rentier and city councilor Robert Lutze. The small two-story building was built on a square floor plan and ends with a hipped roof. This free-standing plastered building with its fine facade decor was built a little off the beaten track behind the Pushkin promenade. Horizontal accents in the facade are set by the webbing cornice and a profiled eaves cornice. The corners of the building are framed by pilasters from the construction period . The open south facade is characterized by flat-arched cross-frame windows, which are framed by ornamental keystones in ribbon form. On the two narrow sides of the building, the exposed window windows , decorated with keystones and parapet mirrors , stand out. The entrance is on the east side of the garden house. The garden house and house on the street side are separated by a brick wall with an arched structure. |
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Map with all coordinates: Web links
literature
- Gerhard Vinken et al. (Ed.): Handbook of German Art Monuments , Brandenburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-422-03054-9 .
- Irmgard Ackermann, Marcus Cante, Antje Mues: Monument Topography Federal Republic of Germany, Monuments in Brandenburg, Volume 2.1, City of Cottbus Part 1: Old Town, Mühleninsel, Neustadt and Ostrow, inner Spremberger Vorstadt, “ City Promenade ”, western expansion of the city, historical Brunschwig. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2001, ISBN 3-88462-176-9 .
- Antje Mues: Cottbus. Architecture and urban development 1871 to 1918. Westkreuz-Verlag GmbH, Berlin / Bonn 2007, ISBN 3-92959-299-1 .
- Ingrid Halbach, Karl-Heinz Müller, Steffen Delang, Gerold Glatte, Peter Biernath: Architectural Guide Cottbus. Walks through the city and surroundings. Publishing house for construction, Berlin / Munich 1993.