Quillaja lancifolia
| Quillaja lancifolia | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Young fruits and leaves of Quillaja lancifolia |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Quillaja lancifolia | ||||||||||||
| D. Don |
Quillaja lancifolia is a tree in the Quillajaceae family from eastern to southeastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina and Uruguay .
description
Quillaja lancifolia grows as an evergreen tree to a height of around 20 meters. The trunk diameter reaches about 30 centimeters. The thick, gray-brown bark is furrowed and coarse-scaly.
The alternate, simple and narrow, bare and slightly leathery leaves have short stems. The very short petiole is up to 3 millimeters long. The entire to distantly toothed, lanceolate to eilanzettlichen or obscure eilanzettlichen leaves are 4–10 centimeters long and 1–2.5 centimeters wide. They are pointed at the tip and wedge-shaped to pointed at the base. The small stipules are sloping. The young leaves are serrated on the edge.
Terminal or axillary, small panicles (botryoid) are formed. The greenish-whitish, five-fold and mostly hermaphrodite or functionally male flowers with a double flower envelope are petiolate. There are small supporting and pre-leaves . The 5 large, egg-shaped to elongated, fleshy and externally fine-haired, flabby sepals are short fused with spreading tips. The 5 small and narrow, free petals are spatulate and expansive. The 10 stamens of unequal length stand in two circles on a large, lobed and fleshy, green, star-shaped disc that extends to the sepals, the inner stamens are shorter. There are 5, almost free, star-shaped and grouped upper permanent, whitish hairy carpels , with a short stylus with smaller added shaped and bent out scar present. The carpels of the functionally male flowers are reduced and sterile.
Multi-seeded and small, about 1–1.3 centimeters long and fine-haired, two-lobed follicles are formed which usually appear in groups of five in a pelvic fruit . The seeds are winged on one side and with the wide wing up to 0.9-1.3 inches long.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.
Taxonomy
The first description as Quillaja lancifolia was in 1831 by David Don in Edinburgh New Philos. J. 10: 231. Synonyms are Fontenellea brasiliensis A.St.-Hil. & Tul. , Quillaja brasiliensis (A.St.-Hil. & Tul.) Mart. , Quillaja lanceolata D. Dietr. , Quillaja sellowiana Walp. . In 2013 a proposal for the conservation of the well-known basionyma Fontenellea brasiliensis A.St.-Hil. & Tul. and the later species name Quillaja brasiliensis (A.St.-Hil. & Tul.) Mart. submitted, in 2014 it was not recommended to follow this proposal.
use
The saponin-containing bark is used as a soap and insecticide .
The wood is quite durable and of medium weight, it is used for some applications.
literature
- K. Kubitzki : The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol.IX : Flowering Plants Eudicots , Springer, 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-322-14-6 , pp. 407 f.
- MA Bello, JA Hawkins, PJ Rudall: Floral Morphology and Development in Quillajaceae and Surianaceae (Fabales), the Species-poor Relatives of Leguminosae and Polygalaceae. In: Annals of Botany. Volume 101, Issue 3, 2008, p. 483, doi: 10.1093 / aob / mcn002 .
- C. de Lima Ribeiro, Ch. T. Blum, J. Grabias, M. Borgo: Boletim Chauá 001: Manual de cultivo - Quillaja brasiliensis (A.St.-Hil. & Tul.) Mart. 2018, online at researchgate.net.
- James W. Byng: The Flowering Plants Handbook. Plant Gateway, 2014, ISBN 978-0-9929993-0-8 , p. 170.
- Harri Lorenzi: Árvores Brasileiras. Vol. 3, Instituto Plantarum, 2009, 2011, ISBN 85-86714-33-7 , p. 292, online at StuDocu.
Web links
- as Quillaja brasiliensis on Useful Tropical Plants.
- as Quillaja brasiliensis at plantsystematics.org (pictures).
Individual evidence
- ↑ online at biodiversitylibrary.org.
- ↑ Federico Luebert: (2206) Proposal to conserve the name Fontenellea brasiliensis (Quillaja brasiliensis) against Q. lancifolia (Quillajaceae). In: Taxon. Vol. 62, No. 5, 2013, pp. 1068-1069, JSTOR taxon.62.5.1068 .
- ^ WL Applequist: Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 66. In: Taxon. Volume 63, Issue 6, 2014, pp. 1358–1371, doi: 10.12705 / 636.20 .