Quinclorac
Structural formula | |||||||||||||||||||
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General | |||||||||||||||||||
Surname | Quinclorac | ||||||||||||||||||
other names |
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Molecular formula | C 10 H 5 Cl 2 NO 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Brief description |
colorless crystals |
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properties | |||||||||||||||||||
Molar mass | 242.06 g mol −1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Physical state |
firmly |
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Melting point |
274 ° C |
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solubility |
practically insoluble in water (65 µg l −1 at 20 ° C) |
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safety instructions | |||||||||||||||||||
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Toxicological data | |||||||||||||||||||
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Quinclorac is a chemical compound and a growth agent herbicide ( synthetic auxin ) introduced by BASF in 1989 .
Extraction and presentation
Quinclorac can be obtained from 7-chloro-8-methylquinoline . This is chlorinated and then reacts further with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, the chlorine on the side chain being replaced by a nitrile group. It is hydrolyzed to carboxylic acid by reaction with sulfuric acid.
use
Quinclorac works specifically against grass weeds and is mainly used against chicken millet ( Echinochloa ) in rice cultivation.
Admission
No plant protection products containing this active ingredient are permitted in the EU or Switzerland . For example, BASF sells the active ingredient on the Brazilian market.
literature
- Zenon Woznica, John D. Nalewaja, Calvin G. Messersmith, Piotr Milkowski: Quinclorac Efficacy as Affected by Adjuvants and Spray Carrier Water . In: Weed Technology . tape 17 , no. 3 , July 2003, p. 582-588 , doi : 10.1614 / 0890-037X (2003) 017 [0582: QEAABA] 2.0.CO; 2 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Entry on Quinclorac. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed December 10, 2014.
- ↑ a b Quinchlorac data sheet , PESTANAL at Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on November 5, 2016 ( PDF ).
- ↑ Entry on 3,7-dichloroquinoline-8-carboxylic acid in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on August 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
- ↑ Thomas A. Unger: Pesticide Synthesis Handbook . William Andrew, 1996, ISBN 0-8155-1853-6 , pp. 592 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ General Directorate Health and Food Safety of the European Commission: Entry on Quinclorac in the EU pesticide database; Entry in the national registers of plant protection products in Switzerland , Austria and Germany ; accessed on March 27, 2016.
- ^ Benjamin Luig, Fran Paula de Castro, Alan Tygel, Lena Luig, Simphiwe Dada, Sarah Schneider, Jan Urhahn: Hazardous pesticides. (PDF; 2.4 MB) from Bayer and BASF - a global business with double standards. Rosa Luxemburg Foundation , INKOTA network , Bischöfliches Hilfswerk Misereor , Campanha Permanente Contra os Agrotóxicos e Pela Vida, Khanyisa, April 2020, accessed on April 25, 2020 .