Röschenschanze

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Inside of the Röschenschanze
Inside of the Röschenschanze

The Röschenschanze (after its builder Jakob Friedrich Rösch ), also called Schwabenschanze, is a star jump in the northern Black Forest from the end of the 18th century. The field fortification should secure the transition over the Black Forest on the Oppenauer Steige and the Kniebis between Strasbourg and Freudenstadt . The area of ​​the ski jump is a ground monument according to the Baden-Württemberg Monument Protection Act .

location

The ski jump is located on the Roßbühl mountain ( 963  m ) on the main ridge of the northern Black Forest on the border between the communities of Oppenau ( Ortenaukreis ) and Baiersbronn ( Freudenstadt district ). The B 500 ( Black Forest High Road) with a junction of the L 402 to Oppenau runs nearby . Hotel Zuflucht is to the east of the ski jump , the slope immediately to the west below the ski jump is used as a ski slope with a ski lift. The Black Forest long-distance hiking trail Westweg leads past the Röschenschanze, the Black Forest National Park begins directly northeast of the wall. The border between Baden and Württemberg used to run here: there is a boundary stone exactly in the middle of the jump. With the Alexanderschanze there was another fortification three kilometers to the southeast.

Status

It is a simple rampart in the form of a six-pointed star, the diameter is 110 m, measured on the center of the rampart from star tip to star tip. Seen from the interior, the wall is 2 m high. It is 4 - 5 m from the bottom of the outer circumferential trench to the wall crown.

outer ditch on the wall of the Röschenschanze

Exactly in the middle of the system at the boundary stone there is a conspicuous square elevation, 8 × 8 m, about 40 cm high, in the middle a little flatter. These are probably the remains of the log house known as the Reduit. The trained eye can easily recognize it as a fortification system on site, but the exact geometric shape of the system is only revealed through aerial photographs.

history

During the coalition wars, it was recognized on both the Württemberg and the French side that the Kniebis held a key strategic position. Therefore, in 1794, Duke Ludwig Eugen of Württemberg commissioned the major engineer Rösch to build a fortification on the knee. Rösch first considered the Sandkopf, a hill one kilometer northwest towards Schliffkopf , but then decided on the Roßbühl on the Oppenauer Steige. It was completed in the summer of 1796. After the armistice between France and Austria was terminated, French troops crossed the Rhine on June 24, 1796 under General Jean Moreau to advance towards Bavaria via the Kniebis and Freudenstadt. Therefore, the weak manning of the hill should be reinforced by several thousand militiamen who gathered in Freudenstadt . Before the militia left Freudenstadt, the French troops attacked: On the night of July 2, 1796, the French General Laroche , supported by a farmer from Renchtal, pushed forward against the hill. The crew of the Schanze was under the command of the Württemberg General von Huegel, who quickly lost track in the nightly battle. In addition, the Württemberg troops were poorly equipped and far outnumbered. After a short, violent fight, they were driven out of the hill. Hügel withdrew with the remaining crews and fled to Stuttgart without trying to stop the enemy at the Alexanderschanze or the fortress Freudenstadt. The Austrian Leloup Jäger Battalion took action against the French a few days later, there was a skirmish at Kniebis in which Laroche was wounded, but the Röschenschanze remained in French hands.

Other sources

  • Ernst Boesser: On the history of Kniebisschanzen. in: Alemannia Vol. 30 (1903), pp. 193-222 ( digitized version ).
  • Land map, 1837–1856.
  • A. Hiss: The knee and knee baths today. Erwin Schmieder's printing and publishing house, Baiersbronn, 1954.
  • Magazine Schöne Schwaben 7/2004, p. 26.
  • Map "Actual ground plan of the Freudenstadt forest with its curly markers and boundary stones, made by Johann Mayer, Prelate of Murrhardt, 1712" online
  • Manfred Eimer: History of the City of Freudenstadt, Verlag Oskar Kaupert, Freudenstadt 1937.
  • Post administrator Ernst Luz: Guide through Freudenstadt and the surrounding area, 1881, p. 45.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Walter Kull: Freudenstadt contributions to the historical regional studies between Neckar, Murg and Kinzig, fortress Freudenstadt. Publisher: Heimat- und Museumsverein für Stadt und Kreis Freudenstadt eV, Freudenstadt, 1985, p. B51
  2. ↑ Manfred Eimer: To Kniebis on the forest, historical summary of the Kniebis and the Kniebis baths. Erwin Schmieder's printing and publishing house, Baiersbronn, 1954, p.72 - p.75
  3. ↑ Manfred Eimer: The upper Murgtal, its history and culture . Verlag Emanuel Haisch, Klosterreichenbach, 1931, p. 190
  4. ↑ Joseph Ruf: The battle for the Schwabenschanze on the Roßbühl. In: The Ortenau: Journal of the Historical Association for Central Baden. 4. Issue 1913, pp. 40–62 ( digitized version )
  5. ^ Walter Kull: Freudenstadt contributions to the historical regional studies between Neckar, Murg and Kinzig, fortress Freudenstadt. Editor: Heimat- und Museumsverein für Stadt und Kreis Freudenstadt eV, Freudenstadt, 1985, p. 104.

See also

Web links

Commons : Röschenschanze  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 29 ′ 38.1 ″  N , 8 ° 14 ′ 23.7 ″  E