Rapeseed sawfly

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Rapeseed sawfly
A rapeseed sawfly on a parsnip flower.

A rapeseed sawfly on a parsnip flower .

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera)
Subordination : Plant wasps ("Symphyta")
Family : Sawfly (Tenthredinidae)
Genre : Athalia
Type : Rapeseed sawfly
Scientific name
Athalia rosae
( Linnaeus , 1758)
larva

The turnip sawfly or turnip sawfly ( Athalia rosae ) is a plant wasp from the family of the true sawfly (Tenthredinidae). The species was wrongly referred to as " beet sawfly", but its larvae do not eat beets ( Beta spp.).

For a long time the species was known under the name Athalia colibri (Christ, 1791). The investigation of material in the collection of Carl von Linné , which was interpreted as type material by rosae , resulted in a confusing change of the species names. As a result, the species name rosae was assigned to an Athalia species, which does not eat cruciferous vegetables, however, on roses ( Rosa spp.).

features

The adults of Athalia are 6-8 millimeters long. They differ from other sawfly by ten-segmented, slightly culled antennae . Its head is predominantly black, the thorax and abdomen are predominantly yellow-red in color, the front edge of the fore wings is broadly black, the tips of the tibia and tarsi are ringed black. In most of the Athalia species, the upper surface of the thorax is entirely or predominantly black. The rapeseed sawfly differs from the other European species by the mesonotum and mesoscutellum, which are yellow-red in the middle .

The larvae are up to 17 mm long. They are initially gray-green, later black-gray and have the typical shape of an anal caterpillar . The trunk has no warts or bristles. The spiracles lie in a light longitudinal band, which other European Athalia species lack.

Occurrence

The animals are widespread and very common in Central Europe . Especially in summer it is the most common plant wasp species in Germany. The adults can often be seen on the flowers of umbellifers ( Apiaceae ) in gardens and in the open countryside from May to October . Contrary to literature reports, the rapeseed sawfly was not introduced to North America and South Africa.

Two subspecies are currently distinguished: Athalia rosae rosae (Linné, 1758) is widespread in the western Palearctic , Athalia rosae ruficornis Jakovlev, 1888 occurs in the eastern Palearctic (e.g. China, India, Japan, Korea, Nepal).

Lifestyle, occurrence of damage, control

Adults occur from May until late autumn. In the case of mass reproductions, migrations can be observed. Females are usually more common than males, hatch earlier and live longer. The females lay 100–150 eggs in the leaf margins of the host plants. The larvae hatch after 4–12 days and initially cause pitting in the leaves from the underside and later mostly baldness. Flowers and fruit clusters are also eaten. The larva consumes about the mass of its initial body weight in leaf tissue every day. Pupation takes place after about 4 weeks 2–5 cm deep in the earth in a cocoon. The length of the diapause is primarily influenced by the photoperiod and less by temperature or drought. A second generation of adults occurs in July-August. In favorable weather conditions, up to three generations can develop. The speed of development is strongly dependent on temperature, with higher temperatures shortening embryonic development and the overall duration of the feeding period. Sometimes the first generation is harmful, sometimes a later generation. The change in mass is largely influenced by the host plants.

The larvae feed on cruciferous vegetables such as all types of cabbage ( Brassica spp., E.g. rapeseed , white mustard , turnip rape ) and are therefore pests in agriculture .

In investigations in Thuringia, a parsing rate of up to 74.4% could only be determined for the caterpillar fly ( Tachinidae ) Tachina rustica Meigen. A high occurrence of ladybirds can significantly reduce the Athalia population. Parasitization by ichneumonids and infestation by the fungus Isaria farinosa plays a minor or no role in the control of the population size of rapeseed sawfly.

In the past, control measures were recommended for economic reasons from as little as two larvae per mustard plant. This is preferably done with insecticides.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Taeger, A. 1982: Overview of the biology of the rapeseed wasp Athalia rosae (L.) (Hym., Symphyta, Tenthredinidae) and studies on standardized breeding of the species. Diploma thesis, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Plant Production Section , LK Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Halle / Saale, [2] +63+ [1] p.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Klausnitzer, B. 1978: Hautflügler. In: Fritzsche, R. (Ed.): Plant pests. Leipzig, Radebeul, Neumann Verlag 9: 1-212.
  3. ↑ a b c d Reich, R. 1961: Contributions to the biology of the Rübsenblattwasp ( Athalia rosae L.). News sheet for the German Plant Protection Service, new part 15 (8): 161-175.
  4. ↑ a b Reich, R. 1961: Studies on the epidemiology of the rapeseed wasp ( Athalia rosae L.). News sheet for the German Plant Protection Service, new part 15 (12): 245-252
  5. ↑ a b Reich, R. 1962: Natural enemies of the rapeseed wasp ( Athalia rosae L.). News sheet for the German Plant Protection Service, new part 16 (2): 33-37
  6. ↑ a b c Reich, R. 1962: About the possibilities of combating the rapeseed wasp ( Athalia rosae L.) from the standpoint of economic efficiency. News sheet for the German Plant Protection Service, new part 16 (6): 101-111
  7. ↑ a b Frey, W. 1949: About the effectiveness of newer contact insecticides on the turnip wasp ( Athalia colibri Christ) and the yellow gooseberry wasp (Pteronus ribesii Scop.). Pest Science Indicator 22: 129-134.
  8. ↑ Taeger, A .; Blank, SM; Kraus, M. 2011: Subordination Symphyta - plant wasps. Pp. 575-577, 586-617. In: Oehlke, J. (ed.): Hymenoptera - Hymenoptera. Pp. 572-681. In: Klausnitzer, B. (ed.): Excursion fauna from Germany. Volume 2. Invertebrates: Insects. 11th, revised and expanded edition. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg.
  9. ↑ a b Behr, L. & Eichler, W. 1948: Kahlfraß an Senf by the beet sawfly ( Athalia colibri ). News sheet for the German Plant Protection Service, new episode 2: 3-5.
  10. ↑ Malaise, R .; Benson, RB 1934: The Linnean Types of Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Arkiv för Zoologi 26 (4 [A20]): 1-14.
  11. ↑ a b c Taeger, A .; Altenhofer, E .; Blank, SM; Jansen, E .; Kraus, M .; Pschorn-Walcher, H .; Ritzau, C. 1998: Comments on the biology, distribution and endangerment of the plant wasps in Germany (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Pp. 49-135. In: Taeger, A. & Blank, SM (eds): Plant wasps in Germany (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Annotated inventory. Goecke & Evers, wine presses.
  12. ↑ a b Lorenz, H. & Kraus, M. 1957: The Larval Systematics of Sawfly (Tenthredinoidea and Megalodontoidea). Treatises on the Larval Systematics of Insects 1: 1-389.
  13. ↑ Taeger, A .; Blank, SM; Liston, AD 2006: European Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) - A Species Checklist for the Countries. Pp. 399-504. In: Blank, SM; Schmidt, S .; Taeger, A. (eds.): Recent Sawfly Research: Synthesis and Prospects. Goecke & Evers, wine presses
  14. ↑ a b Scholz, A. 2004: Ecofaunistic studies on the importance of habitat islands, especially field trees, in the agricultural landscape, examined using the example of the wasps (Symphyta), digger wasps (Sphecidae) and hover flies (Syrphidae). Tharandt, Technische Universität Dresden, Dissertation [1-6] + 1-177, I-LIV.
  15. ^ Blank, SM, Groll, EK, Liston, AD, Prous, M. & Taeger, A. 2012: ECatSym - Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Program version 4.0 beta, data version 39 (December 18, 2012). Digital Entomological Information, Müncheberg. http://sdei.senckenberg.de/ecatsym/
  16. ^ Smith, DR 1979: Suborder Symphyta. Pp. 3-137. In: Krombein, KV; Hurd, PD, Jr .; Smith, DR and Burks, BD (eds): Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Volume 1, Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC 1: xvi + 1198.
  17. ↑ Taeger, A .; Blank, SM; Liston, AD 2010: World Catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Zootaxa 2580: 1-1064. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2010/f/z02580p1064f.pdf
  18. ↑ a b Ohnesorge, B. 1979: Observations on the biology of the rapeseed wasp Athalia rosae L. (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Scoreboard for Pest Management, Plant Protection, Environmental Protection 52: 70-73.
  19. ^ Reich, R. 1961: On the diapause of the Rübsenblattwasp ( Athalia rosae L.). News sheet for the German Plant Protection Service, new part 15 (9): 195-197.
  20. ↑ Reich, R. 1961: Determination of the infested areas and frequency of occurrence of the turnip wasp ( Athalia rosae L.) in the districts of Erfurt, Gera and Suhl. News sheet for the German Plant Protection Service, new part 15 (4): 70-73
  21. ↑ Baur, R .; Heller, W .; Neuweiler, R. 2006: Plant protection products for kohlrabi 2006. Produits phytosanitaires pour Chou-pomme 2006. Archived copy ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.db-acw.admin.ch

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