Raúl Pateras Pescara
Raúl Pateras Pescara (* 1890 in Buenos Aires , † 1966 in Paris ), Marquis of Pateras-Pescara, was an Argentine aviation pioneer and inventor. He constructed seaplanes , helicopters as well as engines and compressors and invented the variant of a free piston machine named after him .
life and work
At the turn of the century, Pescara's family, originally from Italy, moved back to Europe from Argentina.
In Paris he worked with Gustave Eiffel in the wind tunnel -Try to a torpedo plane that Pateras Pescara was called. In 1912, the Italian Navy Ministry tested the first torpedo bomber based on Pescara's design. At the beginning of the First World War , Pescara worked with the aviation pioneer Alberto Santos Dumont in Paris.
Numerous designs and patents followed , the first of which was on April 7, 1917 in Spain under No. 63,659 was approved; 98 more patents were to follow by 1929.
helicopter
From 1919 Pescara developed a series of helicopters based on the coaxial design . Two rotors rotating in opposite directions on the same axis compensate for their torque.
The basic design is in his tenth French patent no. 533,820 , filed on February 21, 1920, entitled "Hèlicoptère rationnel". By 1923, Pescara had filed over forty other patents on helicopters.
Pescara's most successful model was called 'No.3' and was built in 1923 as a further development of two previous models. In 1924 a series of flights over 10 minutes were made. As with its predecessors, two coaxially arranged double rotors with four pairs of blades each, which were attached to a common rotor mast, were used. A 180 HP Hispano Suiza engine was available for the drive, which was cooled by a Lamblin water cooler at the rear of the vehicle. Despite the elaborate and cumbersome for later scales construction of Pescara No.3 was in relation to its direct competitor, the by Frenchman ÉTIENNE OEHMICHEN built Oehmichen No.2 , simple.
On April 18, 1924, Pescara No.3 flew at Issy-les-Moulineaux over a distance of 736 meters, doubling the world record set by Œhmichen four days earlier. The flight time was 4 minutes and 11 seconds at a height of 1.8 meters and a speed of about 13 km / h .
What is remarkable about Pescara's success is that his helicopter, unlike the Œhmichens and other rotor planes of that time, did not achieve propulsion with classic propellers. Rather, the angle of attack of the 16 rotor blades could be adjusted during operation by turning them in their longitudinal axis. As a result, the imaginary rotor axis tilted and generated propulsion in the desired direction. For the first time, Pescara used cyclic and collective blade adjustment for control - a principle that is still used in rotor aircraft today. Furthermore, autorotation could be used if the engine should fail.
Further technical data of the Pescara No.3:
- Motor power 135 kW
- Rotor diameter: 7.20 m
- Takeoff weight: 1000 kg
- Empty weight: 850 kg
Automobile and engine construction
In 1929 Pescara founded the Fábrica Nacional de Automóviles SA (National Automobile Factory) with a capital of 70 million pesetas , together with his brother Henri, the Italian engineer Moglia and the Spanish government .
As a first result, the Nacional Pescara was exhibited at the Paris Motor Show in 1931 . The car was equipped with an eight-cylinder engine and won the European Grand Prix for coastal racing in 1931.
On February 28, 1933, the Pescara Auto-compressor Company was presented in Luxembourg . It stayed in business for thirty years and held six French patents, mostly on compressor motor technology . Co-owner was the Pescara & Raymond Corporation from Dover , Delaware , USA.
Between 1934 and 1935 the Schweizerische Lokomotiv- und Maschinenfabrik tried with Pescara's help to build automobiles which were to be marketed as SLM-Pescara . Pescara took over the only completed vehicle.
During the Second World War , Pescara worked on electrical power supplies in Portugal.
Free piston machines
Pescara received lasting attention with the variant of the free-piston machine named after him , which he had first presented in 1934. These are heat engines that, with a simple structure , can generate compressed air or electricity ( linear generator ) from a fuel without a crank drive .
The Pescara machines were produced by the SIGMA company, such as the GS34 model, a 1200 hp generator.
In 1963 Pescara worked again with his sons in Paris and checked the 2000 HP generator ELPH 40 for SN Marep . In December 1965, he gave his youngest son, Christian de Pescara, the task of “continuing the business with free-piston machines and using all the means necessary to bring them to a wide range of industrial applications”. He wanted to build even more powerful machines - but before a company was founded to develop them, Pescara died in Paris at the age of 76.
literature
- Nick Georgano: The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile, Volume 3 P – Z. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, Chicago 2001, ISBN 1-57958-293-1 (English) (for the production of the SLM Pescara)
Web links
- Aviastar.org: History and photos of Pescara's helicopter designs
- Overview of Pescara's work
- The history of the free piston engines, significantly shaped by Pescara
Individual evidence
- ^ G. Eiffel: Air resistance and aviation. P. 240.
- ↑ Helicopter Development in the Early Twentieth Century ( Memento of the original from May 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
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↑ The Nacional Pescara car:
- Erwin Trgast: Marabout Dictionary of sports and race cars. Pp. 63–64, Volume 3 (Mercedes through Zoller), translated from German to French by Walter Michel
- Autopassion. Issue 35, May 1990, ISSN 0982-930X
- Graham Robson: Cars that surprised the world. Bordas, ISBN 2-04-012906-5 .
- Pierre Darmendrail: Pau Grand Prix 1935. ISBN 2-909450-03-1 , pp. 31-42.
- ↑ French Patent numbers 595341, 595342, 595343, 595344, 595345 and 595346.
- ^ A b Georgano: The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile. 2001.
- ↑ SAPP - RC 6785 Lille
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Pescara, Raúl Pateras |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Argentine aviation pioneer and inventor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1890 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Buenos Aires |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1966 |
| Place of death | Paris |