Rafael Frank

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Rafael Frank (1867-1920)

Rafael Frank , also Raphael Frank (born March 11, 1867 in Ichenhausen ; † March 9, 1920 in Leipzig ) was a German teacher and cantor and designer of the Hebrew font Frank-Rühl, which is widely used and used worldwide .

Live and act

Rafael Frank was the third of seven children of the businessman Gerson Frank and his wife Amalie, b. Kramer . He grew up in the Swabian community of Ichenhausen in what is now the district of Günzburg , where one of the largest Jewish communities in Bavaria was then located. After his family could no longer finance the music studies he had started in Munich , Rafael Frank was trained as a cantor and religion teacher in Cologne .

Frank worked as a teacher and cantor in Simmern , Neuss and Halle (Saale) . In 1903 he came to Leipzig and was chief cantor of the Jewish community there .

Frank Rühl Hebrew

In Leipzig in 1909 he developed a font for the Hebrew alphabet , which was cast by the small Leipzig type foundry C. F. Rühl and named " Frank-Rühl-Hebräisch ". was offered. With the takeover of CF Rühl by H. Berthold AG , which published the first catalog exclusively with Hebrew fonts in 1924, the font reached worldwide distribution from the mid-1920s. In addition to Frank-Rühl , the sans serif Hebrew print Miriam, also distributed by H. Berthold AG, is based on Frank's designs.

Rafael Frank's grave is in the old Israelite cemetery in Leipzig.

Works

  • About Hebrew types and fonts , H. Berthold AG (private print), Berlin 1926, PDF
  • About Hebrew types and fonts. In: Archiv für Buchgewerbe, Volume 48 (1911), Issue 1, pp. 20-25 ( online )

literature

  • Encyclopaedia Judaica: Judaism Past and Present. Vol. 6, Eschkol, Berlin 1928–1934.
  • Ittai Joseph Tamari: Rafael Frank and his Hebrew publications In: Judaica Lipsiensia, Leipzig 1994: 70–78.
  • Ders .: Frank-Rühl-Letter. In: Dan Diner (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Jewish History and Culture (EJGK). Volume 2: Co-Ha. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2012, ISBN 978-3-476-02502-9 , pp. 369-371.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Raphael Frank, a teacher from Ichenhausen, develops a font for the people of Israel , article about Rafael Frank on the homepage of the Jüdisch Historischen Verein Augsburg
  2. ↑ Joseph Tscherkassky (Ed.): Catalog of Hebrew and Jewish writings from the H. Berthold AG type foundry , self-published, Berlin 1924.
  3. ↑ Ittai Joseph Tamari: Rafael Frank and his Hebrew publications In: Judaica Lipsiensia, Leipzig 1994: 70-78, 75.
personal data
SURNAME Frank, Rafael
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Frank, Raphael
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German type designer, Chasan
DATE OF BIRTH March 11, 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH Ichenhausen
DATE OF DEATH March 9, 1920
Place of death Leipzig