Real frogs (genus)
Real frogs | ||||||||||||
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American marsh frog ( Rana palustris ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Rana | ||||||||||||
Linnaeus , 1758 |
The real frogs ( Rana ; from Latin "the frog") are the species-richest genus within the family of real frogs (Ranidae).
features
The real frogs are medium-sized to large, strong frogs with long hind legs, which enable them to make long leaps (for anatomy compare: Neobatrachia ). The skin is smoother and more moist than that of toads ; they also lack parotids . To do this, two glandular ridges run along the back , starting behind the eyes and extending into the hip region. The snout is more pointed; the eardrum is usually large and clearly visible. The oval pupils are positioned horizontally. There are usually well-formed webbed feet between the toes of the hind feet. The males of the real frogs often have sound bladders - in the water frogs these are paired behind the corners of the mouth so that they can be turned out. Brown frogs call only very softly with internal sound bubbles.
The mating takes place with an axillary clasping by the male, i.e. backwards behind the front legs of the female. In order not to slip, the males develop so-called oestrus calluses . The spawn is usually released into the water in the form of lumpy gelatinous balls.
Distribution and Taxonomy
The genus Rana occurs with around 270 species worldwide from the cold-temperate to the tropical zones. By far the greatest diversity of forms can be found in Southeast Asia, followed by Africa, North and South America. The fauna of Australia only includes one species ( Rana daemeli ), which is also the only representative of the entire Ranidae family on this continent.
There are around 22 taxa in Europe , although the method of counting is still provisional because of the very complex, still not conclusively clarified relationship between the green or water frogs - currently around 13 species and hybrids are known for the European area . In addition to water frogs also called to be here to look and lifestyle Brown Frogs distinction (see. For example, grass , peat and agile frog ). Newer phylogenetic studies call for a further subdivision of the taxon into different genera, since there Rana is regarded as a paraphyletic collective genus. Many authors now assign the green or water frogs to their own genus Pelophylax . The North American bullfrog is now placed in a genus Lithobates . Only about 50 species would then remain in the genus Rana .
species
- Group of European brown frogs
- Rana arvalis Nilsson, 1842 - Moor frog
- Rana dalmatina Fitzinger in Bonaparte, 1839 - Agile frog
- Rana graeca Boulenger, 1891 - Greek frog
- Rana iberica Boulenger, 1879 - Spanish frog
- Rana italica Dubois, 1987 - Italian frog
- Rana latastei Boulenger, 1879 - Italian agile frog
- Rana macrocnemis Boulenger, 1885 - Asian brown frog
- Rana pyrenaica Serra-Cobo, 1993 - Pyrenean frog
- Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758 - Common frog
- Group European water frogs (also as a separate genus Pelophylax postulated)
- Rana cf. bedriagae (Camerano, 1882) - Bedriaga's water frog
- Rana bergeri Günther in Engelmann, Fritzsche, Günther & Obst, 1986 - Italian water frog
- Rana cerigensis Beerli, Hotz, Tunner, Heppich & Uzzell, 1994 - Karpathos water frog
- Rana cretensis Beerli, Hotz, Tunner, Heppich & Uzzell, 1994 - Crete water frog
- Rana epeirotica Schneider, Sofianidou & Kyriakopoulou-Sklavounou, 1984 - Epirus water frog
- Rana "esculenta" Linnaeus, 1758 - pond frog
- Rana "grafi" Crochet, Dubois, Ohler & Tunner, 1995 - Grafscher hybrid frog
- Rana "hispanica" Bonaparte, 1839 - Italian hybrid frog
- Rana kurtmuelleri Gayda, 1940 - Balkan water frog
- Rana lessonae Camerano, 1882 - Small water frog
- Rana perezi Seoane, 1885 - Iberian water frog
- Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771 - Sea Frog
- Rana shqiperica Hotz, Uzzell, Günther, Tunner & Heppich, 1987 - Scutari water frog
- Representatives of the genus Rana from other groups
- Rana adenopleura
- Rana albotuberculata
- Rana alticola
- Rana amamiensis
- Rana amurensis
- Rana andersonii
- Rana anlungensis
- Rana areolata Baird & Girard, 1852 - crab frog
- Rana arfaki
- Rana asiatica
- Rana attigua
- Rana aurantiaca
- Rana aurata
- Rana aurora
- Rana bacboensis
- Rana banaorum
- Rana banjarana
- Rana bannanica
- Rana baramica
- Rana berlandieri
- Rana blairi
- Rana bolavensis
- Rana boylii
- Rana brownorum
- Rana bwana
- Rana caldwelli
- Rana Camerani
- Rana cangyuanensis
- Rana capito
- Rana caralitana
- Rana cascadae
- Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802 - American bullfrog
- Rana celebensis
- Rana chalconota
- Rana chaochiaoensis
- Rana chapaensis
- Rana Charlesdarwini
- Rana chensinensis
- Rana chevronta
- Rana chichicuahutla
- Rana chiricahuensis
- Rana chitwanensis
- Rana chloronota
- Rana chosenica
- Rana clamitans Latreille in Sonnini de Manoncourt & Latreille, 1801 - shrieking frog
- Rana cordofana
- Rana coreana
- Rana crassiovis
- Rana cubitalis
- Rana culaiensis
- Rana curtipes
- Rana daemeli (Steindachner, 1868) - Australian forest frog
- Rana danieli
- Rana daunchina
- Rana debussyi
- Rana demarchii
- Rana draytonii
- Rana dunni
- Rana dybowskii
- Rana elberti
- Rana emeljanovi
- Rana erythraea (Schlegel, 1837) - red-eared frog
- Rana eschatia
- Rana everetti
- Rana faber
- Rana fisheri (Stejneger, 1893) - Las Vegas leopard frog
- Rana florensis
- Rana forreri
- Rana fukienensis
- Rana garoensis
- Rana garritor
- Rana gigatympana
- Rana glandulosa
- Rana gracilis
- Rana grahami
- Rana graminea
- Rana grandocula
- Rana grisea
- Rana grylio Stejneger, 1901 - pig frog
- Rana guentheri
- Rana hanluica
- Rana heatwolei
- Rana heckscheri
- Rana hejiangensis
- Rana hmongorum
- Rana holsti Boulenger, 1892 - Dagger Frog
- Rana holtzi
- Rana hosii
- Rana huanrensis
- Rana hubeiensis
- Rana humeralis
- Rana Igorota
- Rana indeprensa
- Rana ishikawae
- Rana japonica
- Rana jiemuxiensis
- Rana jimiensis
- Rana johni
- Rana johnsi
- Rana juliani
- Rana kampeni
- Rana kauffeldi Feinberg et al., 2014
- Rana khalam
- Rana kreffti
- Rana kuangwuensis
- Rana kukunoris
- Rana kunyuensis
- Rana labialis
- Rana lateralis
- Rana laterimaculata
- Rana latouchii
- Rana lemosespinali
- Rana leporipes
- Rana leptoglossa
- Rana lini
- Rana livida
- Rana longicrus
- Rana lubrica
- Rana luctuosa
- Rana lungshengensis
- Rana luteiventris
- Rana luzonensis
- Rana macrodactyla
- Rana macroglossa
- Rana macrops
- Rana macrotympana
- Rana maculata
- Rana magnaocularis
- Rana malabarica Tschudi, 1838
- Rana mangyanum
- Rana maosonensis
- Rana margaretae
- Rana margariana
- Rana megalonesa
- Rana megapoda
- Rana megatympanum
- Rana melanomenta
- Rana miadis
- Rana milleti
- Rana milneana
- Rana minima
- Rana miopus
- Rana mocquardii
- Rana moellendorffi
- Rana moluccana
- Rana monjerai
- Rana montezumae
- Rana montivaga
- Rana morafkai
- Rana mortenseni
- Rana muscosa
- Rana narina
- Rana neba Ryuzaki, Hasegawa & Kuramoto, 2014
- Rana neovolcanica
- Rana nigrolineata
- Rana nigromaculata
- Rana nigrotympanica
- Rana nigrovittata
- Rana novaeguineae
- Rana oatesii
- Rana okaloosae
- Rana okinavana
- Rana omeimontis
- Rana omiltemana
- Rana onca Cope in Yarrow, 1875 - Vegas panther frog
- Rana orba
- Rana ornativentris
- Rana palmipes
- Rana palustris LeConte, 1825 - North American Marsh Frog
- Rana papua
- Rana parvaccola
- Rana persimilis
- Rana picturata
- Rana pipiens Schreber, 1782 - leopard frog
- Rana pirica
- Rana plancyi
- Rana pleuraden
- Rana porosa
- Rana pretiosa
- Rana psaltes
- Rana pseudodalmatina
- Rana psilonota
- Rana pueblae
- Rana pustulosa
- Rana raniceps
- Rana rotadora
- Rana rufipes
- Rana rugosa
- Rana saharica
- Rana sakuraii
- Rana sanguinea
- Rana sangzhiensis
- Rana sauteri
- Rana scutigera
- Rana senchalensis
- Rana septentrionalis
- Rana sevosa
- Rana shuchinae
- Rana siberu
- Rana sierrae
- Rana sierramadrensis
- Rana signata
- Rana similis
- Rana sinica
- Rana spectabilis
- Rana sphenocephala
- Rana spinulosa
- Rana subaspera
- Rana supragrisea
- Rana supranarina
- Rana swinhoana
- Rana sylvatica LeConte, 1825 - forest frog
- Rana tagoi
- Rana taipehensis
- Rana tarahumarae
- Rana tavasensis
- Rana taylori
- Rana temporalis
- Rana tenggerensis
- Rana tenuoplicata
- Rana terentievi
- Rana tiannanensis
- Rana tientaiensis
- Rana tipanan
- Rana tlaloci
- Rana trankieni
- Rana tsushimensis
- Rana tytleri
- Rana utsunomiyaorum
- Rana vaillanti
- Rana varians
- Rana versabilis
- Rana vibicaria
- Rana virgatipes
- Rana viridireticulata
- Rana volkerjane
- Rana waliesa
- Rana warszewitschii
- Rana weiningensis
- Rana wuchuanensis
- Rana yavapaiensis
- Rana zhaoi
- Rana zhengi
- Rana zhenhaiensis
- Rana doubt
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Feinberg JA et al. 2014. Cryptic Diversity in Metropolis: Confirmation of a New Leopard Frog Species (Anura: Ranidae) from New York City and Surrounding Atlantic Coast Regions. PLoS ONE 9 (10): e108213; doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0108213 .
- ↑ Masashi Ryuzaki, Yoshinori Hasegawa, Mitsuru Kuramoto: A New Brown Frog of the Genus Rana from Japan (Anura: Ranidae) revealed by Cytological and Bioacoustic Studies. Alytes 31 (3-4), 2014, pp. 49-58 (PDF; 8.28 MB)