Shield-leaved buttercup
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Shield-leaved buttercup ( Ranunculus thora ) |
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| Ranunculus torah | ||||||||||||
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The shield-leaved buttercup ( Ranunculus thora ), also called poison buttercup , is a species of plant that belongs to the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). It is native to Europe.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The shield-leaved buttercup is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 5 to 30 (rarely 40) cm. Its roots are thickened a little fleshy at the top. The upright stem is usually unbranched.
The one or two basal, stalked leaves are usually missing at the time of flowering, as they are then already withered. The lowest, seated stem leaf is located approximately in the middle of the stem, with a length of 8 to 13 cm, is wider than it is long, relatively large and kidney-shaped, glabrous, blue-green, with a notched to serrated leaf edge that is roughly serrated towards the tip. The upper stem leaves are smaller, lanceolate or often three-lobed and pointed.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from May to July. There are only one to three flowers on a stem. The hermaphroditic, radial symmetry flower has a diameter of 10 to 20 mm. The five bald sepals . The five yellow, crown-like nectar leaves are 10 mm long and 7 mm wide. There are numerous stamens and few carpels .
The nuts are 3 to 4 mm long and 2.5 to 3.5 mm wide, glabrous, almost spherical and have a 1.3 to 2 mm long hooked beak.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.
Occurrence
The shield-leaved buttercup occurs only in Europe and is restricted to the mountainous areas of central and southern Europe from the Pyrenees (northwestern Spain) to the Illyrian Mountains and the Eastern Carpathians . In the Alps, it rises to altitudes of up to 2,400 meters, but is absent in the northern Alps.
In Austria, the shield-leaved buttercup is considered to be potentially endangered. It is very rare in the South Karawanken .
Its occurrences are limited to the limestone areas. It thrives on ledges, rock debris heaps, in blue grass heaps, Horstseggenrasen and in leg pine bushes.
ingredients
The plant parts are highly poisonous due to large amounts of protoanemonin .
Systematics
The first publication of Ranunculus torah was in 1753 by Carl von Linné . He had the name "Torah" already in the Middle Ages; its derivation is unclear, but it is unlikely that it is related to the Greek word phthora for perdition. Synonyms for Ranunculus thora L. are: Ranunculus scutatus Waldst. & Kit. , Ranunculus tatrae Borbás .
use
The shield-leaved buttercup is rarely used as an ornamental plant for rock gardens.
literature
- Jürgen Damboldt, Walter Zimmermann : Ranunculaceae . In: Karl Heinz Rechinger, Jürgen Damboldt (Hrsg.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 2nd, completely revised edition. Volume III. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 1 (Nymphaeaceen, Ceratophyllaceen, Magnoliaceae, Paeoniaceen, Ranunculaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1974, ISBN 3-446-10432-1 , p. 248–250 (published in 1965–1974).
- Thomas Gaskell Tutin , JR Akeroyd: Ranunculus. In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 282 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).
- Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen (ed.): Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of Vascular Plants in Europe. 8. Nymphaeaceae to Ranunculaceae. Akateeminen Kirjakauppa, The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe & Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki 1989, ISBN 951-9108-07-6 , p. 188.
- Ranunculus thora , 2003 by Ernst Horak, Susanne Horak et al .: Botany in the picture at the Natural History Museum Vienna . (Section Description and Occurrence)
Individual evidence
- ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 284 .
- ↑ Klaus Aktories, Ulrich Förstermann, Franz Bernhard Hofmann, Klaus Starke (eds.): General and special pharmacology and toxicology . Founded by W. Forth, D. Henschler, W. Rummel. 10th edition. Urban & Fischer in Elsevier, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-437-42522-6 , pp. 1110 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 550, digitized .
- ↑ CA Backer: Clarifying Woordenboek of wetenschappelijke names. Batavia, Visser & Co. 1936, p. 583.
- ↑ Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 , pp. 147 .
Web links
- Ranunculus thora L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Data sheet with photo and distribution in France (French)
- Data sheet and photos at Forum Acta Plantarum (ital.)
- Type document in the herbarium of Carl von Linné.