Robbery

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In today hunting no longer legally relevant collective term were as predators in the hunter language refers to all animals that not even the Wild ( § 2 Federal Hunting Act ) include, but kill or impair Nutzwild.

Hunting law

Until the deletion of the term predatory goods from the Federal Hunting Act in 1976 , the protection of game from predatory goods was the "content of hunting protection ". However, since the term increasingly corresponded neither to hunting law nor to the ideas of nature conservation or animal welfare , it is no longer listed in today's hunting laws . Robbery should not be confused with the term predatory game . These include badger , fox and lynx according to the Federal Hunting Act §2 (1). In contrast to game, there was no closed season for predators . The protection of game from poaching dogs and cats is still part of hunting protection ( Section 23 BJagdG). Poaching cats and dogs also fell into the predatory category.

Implementing measures

Since the hunt for stolen goods fell under the concept of hunting protection , its implementation was delegated to game overseers or professional hunters . Since the goal was extermination and extermination, no value was placed on hunted for pasture. Catching with wire slings, iron and leghold traps and self- shots ( laying rifles ) were common. The otter fork was used to kill otters, and badgers were pulled out of the burrow with badger tongs. In the 18th century, in many places, for example in Brandenburg, robbery, as well as wolves, foxes, otters, lynxes, beavers and birds of prey, but also crows, were fought with premium support: for a specific part of the body (tail, ear, nose, claws) The authorities paid a certain amount: a wolf brought up to four talers shooting bonus, depending on age, a crow a groschen. Poison baits mixed with strychnine were laid out against the fox at the beginning of the 20th century .

Animal species

Predatory items included all animal species that could pose a threat to Friedwild , for example rats ( brown rat ), birds of prey and caravans ( carrons , magpies or jays ), but also introduced species such as raccoons and raccoon dogs . The demarcation between predatory game and prey was not historically consistent, many of the species mentioned were later included in hunting law in most federal states . Poaching dogs and cats were therefore also referred to as predators.

Carrion crows, magpies or jays were also known as gelights .

The German Hunting Lexicon of 1998 states that although the term is no longer in use, nothing has changed and the protection of game is still a reasonable reason under Section 17 of the Animal Welfare Act to regulate certain animals for the protection of game. The shooting of poaching dogs is now excluded according to Section 17 (1) TierSchutzG, as long as the dog has not been proven poaching. For cats, different minimum distances to inhabited areas apply in the state laws.

criticism

It is controversial whether the shooting down of predators and predatory game affects the population of the animal species that are to be protected with it. For example, when carrion crows are hunted, their numbers can even increase, as after a breeding bird has been shot down, non-breeding specimens often migrate to its old territory. Conversely, the breeding success of the breeding territory owners increases when non-breeders are shot down.

From 1990 to 1996 a large-scale experiment was carried out under the scientific direction of the biologist Paul Müller in a 700 hectare (7 square kilometers) hunting area in northern Saarland , in which the aim was to shoot down all predatory game and predatory objects as thoroughly as possible . The aim was to clarify the extent to which this intensive hunting affects the populations of small game and songbirds on the one hand, and the populations of the hunted species on the other. In total, 2242 corvids and 922 predatory game, including 579 foxes, were shot on the specified area over the course of seven years . The evaluation showed that there was no significant change in the population figures for most animal species . However, the number of foxes actually increased significantly. Carrion crows were shot down by 40% over the last two years. An influence on the numbers of songbirds and small game could not be determined.

literature

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Johannes Dieberger (2001): Hunting and combating the marten-like in the past and present. Scientific reports from the Lower Austrian State Museum 14: 13–29.
  2. ↑ Bernd Herrmann: A contribution to the knowledge of pest control and its concepts in the 18th and early 19th centuries using examples from Brandenburg-Prussia. In: Bernd Herrmann (editor): "... my field is time". Essays on environmental history. Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2011. ISBN 978-3-941875-99-9 . Page 151–206.
  3. ↑ E. Merck, Chemische Fabrik, Darmstadt (editor): Strychnine as a means of poisoning animals, especially predators. E. Merck's scientific papers 13. Printed by E. Roether, Darmstadt. 15 pages.
  4. ↑ Haseder / Stinglwagner, p. 617.
  5. ↑ Rolf Krähenbühl: Summer hunt of the Bernese patent hunters ... Where does the term «Gelichterjagd» actually come from? , Jägerverein Oberaargau, accessed on September 6, 2016 (pdf).
  6. ^ Robbery in the German Hunting Lexicon
  7. ↑ Trial of the shot wolf on welt.de
  8. ^ Josef H. Reichholf : Raven black intelligence. What we can learn from crows. Piper, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-492-25915-6 , pp. 97 ff.
  9. ^ Josef H. Reichholf: Raven black intelligence. What we can learn from crows , Piper, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-492-25915-6 , p. 107 ff.

Web links

Wiktionary: Robbery  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations