Wire-haired Dornmelde
| Wire-haired Dornmelde | ||||||||||||
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Wire-haired thorns ( Spirobassia hirsuta ), illustration |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Spirobassia | ||||||||||||
| Friday & G.Kadereit | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Spirobassia hirsuta | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Freitag & G.Kadereit |
The wire-haired thorn-tree ( Spirobassia hirsuta ) is the only species of the genus Spirobassia in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). It is common in Europe and Western Asia.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The wire-haired Dornmelde grows as an annual herbaceous plant that reaches heights of about 20 to 50 centimeters. The mostly ascending, rarely upright stems are branchy , but (despite the German name Dornmelde) not thorny, and their surface is rough-haired.
The fleshy leaves are linear and semi-stemmed in cross-section.
Flower and fruit
The hermaphrodite flowers sit individually or in pairs in the armpits of the bracts . The perianth consists of (rarely three) mostly five hairy tepal lobes. The flowering period extends from August to September.
The fruit clusters are twisted in a spiral, which gave the scientific genus name Spirobassia its name. At the time of fruiting, the Tepalenzipfel usually have three short, blunt, thick and flattened knot-like growths. The seed stands horizontally.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
Photosynthetic pathway
The wire-haired Dornmelde is a C 3 plant . The leaf anatomy corresponds to the "C3 Sclerolaena type" with a central and many peripheral vascular bundles .
Occurrence and endangerment
The wire-haired thorn melde is widespread in Europe and West Asia, from southern France along the northern Mediterranean coast to the Black Sea and Caspian Sea, and also on the southern North Sea coast and the western Baltic Sea coast. Here it occurs on salty, nitrogen-rich flushing fringes of the coasts and islands ( halophyte ). In the steppe zone from Romania to southern Siberia it also settles inland saltpans . As an introduced invasive plant species , it can also be found on the coasts of the northeastern USA.
In Germany, the wire-haired Dornmelde has become rare and is considered to be critically endangered ( Red List of Endangered Species 2). In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania the occurrence appears to have been extinguished. At the moment only a few growing places are known from Schleswig-Holstein.
Systematics
The first publication of this kind took place in 1753 as hirsutum Chenopodium L. by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum 221. Based on phylogenetic studies presented Friday & Kadereit 2011. taxon , Volume 60, page 71 of this type under the name Spirobassia hirsuta (L .) Freitag & G.Kadereit have their own genus Spirobassia . Further synonyms for Spirobassia hirsuta (L.) Freitag & G.Kadereit are Bassia hirsuta (L.) Asch. , Echinopsilon hirsutum (L.) Moq. and Kochia hirsuta (L.) Nolte .
Spirobassia belongs to the Chenolaea clade in the tribe Camphorosmeae within the subfamily Camphorosmoideae of the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). It used to be part of the goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae), these are now included in the Amaranthaceae.
literature
- Gudrun Kadereit, Helmut Freitag: Molecular phylogeny of Camphorosmeae (Camphorosmoideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for biogeography, evolution of C4-photosynthesis and taxonomy. In: Taxon , Volume 60, 1, 2011, pp. 51-78. (Sections description, chromosome number, photosynthetic pathway, distribution, taxonomy)
- Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , p. 94 (section description).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rudolf Schubert, Walter Vent (ed.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG. Founded by Werner Rothmaler . 5th edition. Volume 4: Kritischer Band, Volk und Wissen, Berlin 1982., pp. 173-174
- ↑ Bassia hirsuta (L.) Asch., Rauhaarige Dornmelde. In: FloraWeb.de.
Web links
- Datasheet with photos of the wire-haired thorns from Günther Blaich.
- Data sheet with photos at EOL = Encyclopedia of Life .
- Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- Wire-haired Dornmelde . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Distribution in the Netherlands (Dutch)
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to Eric Hultén
