Rawadids

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The area of ​​influence of the Rawadids

The Rawadiden , also Rawwadiden or Ravvadiden ( Kurdish ڕەوەندی Rewadî , 955 - 1071 ), was a Kurdish dynasty in Iranian Azerbaijan , the area around Tabriz and Maragha from the 10th to the early 13th century dominated. It was founded by the Kurdish tribal leader Muhammad ibn Husain in the middle of the 10th century.

history

The Rawadids were of Arab origin (Azd tribe) and immigrated to the region in 758 AD. The namesake of the later dynasty Al Rawwad bin al Muthanna was commissioned by the Abbasid Wali (governor) of Azerbaijan to secure the area between Tabriz and al Badhdh. His descendants were then Kurdized in the early 10th century and began using Kurdish name forms such as Mamlan for Muhammad and Ahmadil for Ahmad as their names. According to Ahmad Kasravi , the Rawadids conquered the land of the Muzaffarids in Azerbaijan under their ruler Ibrahim bin Marzuban in 979.

Wahsudan bin Mamlan is the most famous Rawadid ruler and is mentioned in the writings of Ibn al-Athīr . The regions of Tabriz, Maragha and the fortresses of Kuh-e Sahand were in his possession. In 1029 he helped the Hadhbanikurden of Maragha, the incident Oghuz defeat tribes. Wahsudan also sent an expedition to Ardabil under his son Mamlan II . The ruler ( Spahbod ) of Moghan had to submit to the conqueror. Mamlan also built a fortress in Ardebil.

Tughrul Beg conquered the principality in 1054 and defeated the Kurdish prince of Tabriz named Wahsudan ibn Mamlan. When Alp Arslan returned from a campaign against the Byzantine Empire in 1071 , he deposed Mamlan.

Wahsudan's successor, Ahmad bin Wahsudan (also known as Ahmadil al-Kurdi ), Prince of Maragha, took part in the Malik Shah's campaign against Syria in 1110. Ahmadil took part in the Crusades on the Muslim side. Joscelin I concluded a peace treaty with him during the siege of Tilbeşar Castle . He was stabbed to death by the Ismailis in Baghdad in 1117 . His successors ruled Maragha and Tabriz until the Mongol invasion in 1227.

Last mentions of the Rawadids are found in texts from the 14th century during the rule of the Ilkhan .

Rawadiden rulers

  1. Muhammad Ibn Husain (? - c. 951?)
  2. Husain I. (955-988)
  3. Mamlan I. (988-1000)
  4. Husain II (1000-1019)
  5. Vahsudan (Wahsudan) (1019-1054)
  6. Mamlan II (1054-1071)

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ V. Minorsky: A Mongol Decree of 720/1320 to the Family of Shaykh Zahid . Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1954, p. 524.
  2. P. Blaum: Diplomacy gone to seed: a history of Byzantine foreign relations, 1047-57 AD International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Jan. 2005, p. 15, findarticles.com
  3. ^ "La Domination des Dailamites" (1931).