Raymond Bernard Cattell
Raymond Bernard Cattell (born March 20, 1905 in West Bromwich , former Staffordshire , England , † February 2, 1998 in Honolulu ) was a British - American personality psychologist .
Life
Cattell first studied science at the University of London . He later turned to psychology and received his PhD in 1929. He taught at the University of Exeter and ran an educational counseling agency before moving to the United States in 1937. After stays at Clark and Harvard University , he was professor of psychology at the University of Illinois from 1945 to 1974 . In 1978 he accepted a position at the University of Hawaii .
Cattell was a student of Cyril Burt and Charles Spearman , who were a supporter of eugenics , and in 1937 praised the Nazi racial laws .
Cattell argued that “'national stereotypes' are not just inventions of the imagination” and called for national and “racial” differences in temperament to be taken into account in urban planning. With his teacher Cyril Burt, he shared the concern that the nation's IQ could drop due to the excessive increase in the less gifted and suggested that this should be counteracted “by removing those parts of the population with a very low intellectual capacity that are unsuitable for a civilized life, away".
Psychological theories
In contrast to Charles Spearman's g-factor model, in his two-component theory of intelligence in 1971 , Cattell differentiates between two second-order factors ( factor analysis ), fluid and crystallized intelligence. The genetically determined " fluid intelligence " (" General Fluid Ability ") represents the ability to orientate the situation, to reason, to solve problems and to process speed, the acquired " crystallized intelligence " (" Crystallized Ability ") consists of the knowledge, the vocabulary and the experience gained on problem-solving approaches. According to the American psychologist John L. Horn , while fluid intelligence is expected to decrease again after a climax in old age , crystallized intelligence continues to grow. His concept was reflected in the intelligence test series Culture Fair Intelligence Tests .
Cattell is among the 52 co-signers of Mainstream Science on Intelligence , written by Linda Gottfredson and published in December 1994 by the Wall Street Journal .
In personality theory, with the help of factor analysis, he developed a model of 16 bipolar dimensions (as situation-independent basic characteristics of personality) with which every person can be described and which form the basis of the openly shown behavior; they are reflected in the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF) . These are:
- Warmth (e.g. feeling good in company)
- Logical reasoning
- Emotional stability
- Dominance
- Liveliness
- Rule awareness (e.g. morality)
- Social competence (e.g. sociability)
- sensitivity
- Vigilance (e.g. distrust)
- Aloofness (e.g. closeness to reality)
- Privacy
- Concern
- Openness to change
- Self-sufficiency
- perfectionism
- Tension.
Additional Services
Cattell founded the Society for Multivariate Experimental Psychology and the journal Multivariate Behavioral Research. Cattell also developed the scree test to determine the number of factors for factor analysis .
Works
- The fight for our national intelligence . King, London 1937
- The Meaning and Measurement of Neuroticism and Anxiety (1961)
- The Scientific Analysis of Personality (1965)
- Handbook of Multivariate Experimental Psychology (1966)
- Abilities: Their Structure, Growth, and Action (1971)
- Personality and Learning Theory 2 vols. (1979-80)
literature
- WH Tucker: The science and politics of racial research . University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL 1994
Web links
- Literature by and about Raymond Bernard Cattell in the catalog of the German National Library
- Human intelligence: Raymond B. Cattell
- Official biography of Raymond B. Cattell
- Beyondism: Raymond B. Cattell and eugenics from the Institute for the Study of Academic Racism
- Interview with Raymond B. Cattell in The Eugenics Bulletin Spring / Summer 1984
- Open Letter from Cattell to APA Correcting General Opinion on Political Attitude (1997)
Individual evidence
- ↑ RB Cattell: The empirical research of personality, Weinheim 1973, p. 312
- ↑ cf. RB Cattell: The empirical research of personality, Weinheim 1973, p. 313
- ^ RB Cattell: The Fight for our National Intelligence, p. 64
- ↑ Linda Gottfredson: Mainstream Science on Intelligence. In: Wall Street Journal, Dec. 13, 1994, p. A18
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Cattell, Raymond Bernard |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | British-American psychologist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 20, 1905 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | West Bromwich , Staffordshire |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 2, 1998 |
| Place of death | Honolulu |