Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series
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The Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series are annual international cliff diving competitions that have been organized by Red Bull since 2009 . Women have also been taking part in the Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series since 2014. Within the framework of these competitions, the Cliff Diving World Series winner is determined from among the athletes . The competitions are always separate between women and men, but take place on the same day and location. The locations are spread around the globe and can vary from one Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series to the next.
The origin of cliff jumping lies in Kaunolu , one of 13 ahupuaʻa on the southwestern tip of the Hawaiian island of Lānaʻi . As early as 1770, the then chief of the Maui Kahekilli pursued this sport. He was known for the "Lele Kawa", which translates as "jump feet first from a high cliff into the water without splashing". In this context, he urged his warriors to do the same. That way they could prove his loyalty to him . Over time, Kahekilli's focus changed. Cliff jumping evolved from a pure demonstration of loyalty to a competitive showdown.
In the past, Red Bull organized cliff jumping competitions in direct cooperation with the jumpers. The feedback from the jumpers and the enthusiasm of the spectators ultimately led to a natural development from individual events to a World Series with spectacular locations and the world's best athletes. The Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series gives them a platform to spread this extreme sport around the world.
qualification
The first qualifying competition took place for the 2011 Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series .
The Cliff Diving World Series winner is determined among the men from among 14 athletes. In this context, the top five athletes in the overall standings from the previous season are automatically pre-qualified plus those who fall under the injury guidelines. The remaining athletes still have to qualify for the current season. This takes place as part of the qualification competition. There are eight jumps where technical and physical skills are demonstrated to the five international competition judges on site. The competition lasts two days. Two required jumps with the minimum specified degree of difficulty (English: Degree of Difficulty , DD for short) and two jumps of your own choice are used for the overall result.
Event format
Before the start of the competition, the order of the jumpers in the first round is determined by a drawing.
Men
In 2009 the following rules were set for men in the competitions:
- A competition at one location consists of three rounds with one jump per round.
- Each competition lasts one day.
- The winner of the competition is the one with the highest number of points from all three jumps.
At the Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series from 2009 to 2011, the competitions were held with 12 participants each. From 2012 the number of participants will be a maximum of 14 participants.
In 2012 the following rules came into force for the competitions:
- A competition at one location consists of four rounds, each with one jump per round: two required jumps with at least a degree of difficulty of 3.6 and two jumps of your choice.
- Each competition lasts two days.
- The first round determines the ranking in the direct competition. The first placed against the 14th placed, the second placed against the 13th placed etc.
- Two rounds in direct competition: a required jump and a jump of your choice.
- Final round: In the last round, the seven best from the direct competition and a lucky loser (the best jumper with the highest number of points among the losers) compete against each other in a jump of their own choice.
- With the exception of the first round, the participants always start each round in the reverse order to the ranking list at the end of the previous round, which is always based on the cumulative points evaluation of all rounds that have taken place in the current competition.
- The winner of the competition is the one with the highest number of points from all four jumps.
In 2013 small changes were made to the rules:
- The level of difficulty of the required jumps has been increased from 3.6 to 3.8.
- Both required jumps and the jumps of your own choice must be made alternately at each competition.
- The Points Scratch System allows the participant to delete the worst individual competition result from the total number of competitions that have taken place.
At the Red Bull Cliff Diving Series 2017 changes were made to the rules:
- In the first round you start with a required jump. The earlier Red Bull Cliff Diving Series always started with a jump of your own choice.
- The level of difficulty for a required jump has been reduced from 3.8 to 2.8.
- In the second round there is a jump of your choice. The maximum level of difficulty is 3.6.
Women
The Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series 2014 was the first time women took part. Five permanent and three wildcard jumpers competed against each other in three competitions. The Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series 2016 saw seven competitions held during one season for the first time.
The following rules came into force for women in 2014:
- A competition at one location consists of three rounds, each with one jump per round: a required jump with at least a degree of difficulty of 2.6 and two jumps of your choice. The required jump and the two jumps of your choice must alternate in each competition.
- Each competition lasts two days.
- The winner of the competition is the one with the highest number of points from all three jumps.
All other rules for women are the same as for men.
At the Red Bull Cliff Diving Series 2017 changes were made to the rules:
- A competition at one location consists of three rounds, each with one jump per round: two required jumps with a degree of difficulty of at least 2.6 and one jump of your choice. The required jumps and the jump of your choice must be made alternately in each competition.
Competition judges
There are five international competition judges per competition, one main judge and four other judges who can change depending on the competition.
Criteria for the jump evaluation
The competition judges judge each jump according to the following criteria:
- Jump off the platform
- Position in the air
- Immersion in the water
The judges award the points in a half-point interval from 0 to 10. These criteria apply to both men and women.
Acrobatic performance
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An athlete can choose from 119 different jumps.
Jump positions and jump groups
The jumpers have to choose between five jump positions: forward jump, backward jump, Auerbach jump, dolphin jump and handstand jump. The first four mentioned jump positions are possible in connection with a screw jump. A handstand jump can be done forwards or backwards and in each case in connection with a screw jump.
| Jump group | Jump | execution |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leap forward | Jump forward, turn forward |
| 2 | Jump backwards | Jump backwards, turn backwards |
| 3 | Auerbach jump | Jump forward, turn backward |
| 4th | Dolphin jump | Jump backwards, turn forwards |
| 5-8 | Screw jump | possible in different designs |
| 9 | Handstand jump | possible in different designs |
execution
The following jump elements can be performed during the jump:
| Jump element | Explanation |
|---|---|
| stretched | the body is stretched throughout the jump |
| dreaded | Hips bent and legs straight |
| crouched | Squat position with legs drawn up |
| free | mostly stretched first, then piked (for screw jumps) |
| Barani | A forward somersault with half a twist. Often used as an immersion maneuver because the jumper has the best view of the water. |
| blind immersion | The last time the jumper sees the water is at least half a somersault before diving and so he has to “blindly” adjust to it. |
| flying jumps | This means jumps that change from at least one complete somersault to a straight position for no less than 90 °. The stretched posture must then change to either a crouched or a crouched posture. |
| screw | A screw is any movement during a jump as soon as the jumper rotates around an imaginary vertical axis that runs from head to toe. Up to four rotations can be performed in competition and added to a forward, backward, Auerbach, dolphin and handstand jump. |
Level of difficulty
The level of difficulty is the rating for the jump that is performed during a competition. This is multiplied by the sum of the scores from the competition judges, with the highest and lowest scores being discarded. The level of difficulty for a jump is calculated on the basis of these points:
- Type of take-off position
- Number of somersaults
- Number of screws
- Posture during the somersaults
- Type of immersion
The level of difficulty in the Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series ranged from 3.8 for men up to 2014 for required jumps to 6.2 for the most difficult jumps in this extreme sport. During the Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series 2015 in La Rochelle (France), the second competition, the athlete Gary Hunt set a new record with his double back somersault with five-fold screw. The level of difficulty was 6.3.
According to the official Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series rules, the jury must judge what they see and not what they want to see. In addition, every jump must be judged without any prejudice against the jumper or the jump in order to ensure an objective result.
Overall score in a competition
This chapter deals with the calculation of the total score for each competition. Based on this, the ranking list is determined at the end of the competition.
Men
The following rule has been established for men:
- There are five scores from five competition judges.
- The highest and lowest scores are discarded.
- The remaining three points are added together.
- The total is multiplied by the respective difficulty level of the jump.
- The results from all four rounds are cumulated for the final result.
- The points for the competition will be distributed according to the placement from 1st to 14th place (including wildcards).
- The winner of a competition is the participant with the highest score at the respective location.
Women
The following regulation has been established for women:
- There are five scores from five competition judges.
- The highest and lowest scores are discarded.
- The remaining three points are added together.
- The total is multiplied by the respective difficulty level of the jump.
- The results from all three rounds are cumulated for the final result.
- The points for the competition will be distributed according to the placement from 1st to 8th place (including wildcards).
- The winner of a competition is the participant with the highest score at the respective location.
Ranking list
The ranking list is formed at the end of a competition based on the total point ratings of the athletes. Depending on the position, the athlete receives a point rating for the competition according to his rank.
From 2009 to 2011 the following scoring was valid for the men's competitions:
| rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Points | 20th | 16 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 7th | 6th | 5 | 4th | 3 | 2 | 1 |
At the Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series 2012 , a new points classification came into effect in the competitions for men:
| rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Points | 200 | 160 | 130 | 110 | 90 | 70 | 60 | 50 | 40 | 30th | 20th | 10 | 9 | 8th |
From the Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series 2014 , women will also take part. The scoring in the competitions for women corresponds to that for men. However, there is only an evaluation with regard to ranks from 1 to 8.
The men's winner is the athlete who achieved the highest total score in all competitions during the season. This also applies to women.
Possible errors during the jump
The following will be considered a fault by the competition judges:
- weak take-off, wrong distance to platform
- Unaesthetic execution, open or crossed legs, untied toes, legs that are not in the middle of the pike jump or the setup position or the immersion phase
- short and non-vertical immersion, under- or over-twisted immersion
The judges will deduct points in the following cases:
- When the arms are well above the head when immersing.
- When the arms are away from the body but under the head when immersing.
- For an incomplete handstand, unless the body remains in a vertical and straight orientation for at least two seconds before attempting to jump.
- "Flying" jumps that show a full 90 ° turn before performing the posture described.
- When there is a definite break in the straight posture after performing at least one full somersault in either a crouched or a crouched position.
- An interruption in the posture during or shortly before immersion, an intermittent interruption from the posture and if a jump took place in a completely different posture than announced.
Jump height and platform
The male athletes jump from a platform at a height of 26.5 to 28 m (85-92 feet ) depending on the location . This is in the upper part of the range, since in official sports competitions the jump height for men is between 20 and 28 m.
During the competitions, the female athletes jump from a platform that is 19 to 20 m (62–66 feet) high, depending on the location. This is in the lower part of the range, since in official sports competitions the jump height for women is between 19 and 23 m.
The jump platform has a minimum length of 1.5 m and a minimum width of 0.75 m. It protrudes at least 2 m above the vertical fall line.
Risks
The highest risk of injury to an athlete occurs while landing on the water, when submerged body parts are slowed down quickly and others, above the water surface, are still at full speed. At this point, maximum physical tension is essential. Immediately after hitting the water, the athlete must actively dive in order to avoid compression or contortion of body parts.
However, due to the technical training and experience of the athletes, major errors can be excluded. In this context, the following should be mentioned: A belly landing on the water from a height of 28 m can be compared to a hard landing from a height of 13 m on concrete. Therefore, only around three to four dozen athletes worldwide follow this extreme sport. Generally speaking, jumps from a height of over 28 m do not bring much time advantage because of the rapid acceleration. In addition, the risk of injury increases disproportionately.
The men have a top speed of 85 to 90 km / h when submerged in the water and the women a top speed of 72 to 75 km / h. Physical forces of 2–3 g act on the athletes' bodies .
Because of the high risk of injury for the athletes, three rescue divers are on standby at the dive site and an ambulance is in the immediate vicinity.
Perception in society
The annual Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series has been growing in fame and popularity around the world since it was first held in 2009. This can be seen in the growing number of viewers and media interest. During the 28 competitions in the first four seasons, there were more than 460,000 spectators and 1,650 media on site, including live broadcasts. Gary Hunt's record jump in La Rochelle in 2015 attracted 75,000 spectators.
Cliff jumping was included as a new discipline at the 2013 World Swimming Championships in the Spanish city of Barcelona , which was organized by the FINA World Swimming Federation . For the most part, this happened as a result of Red Bull's strong commitment to the until then still small and insignificant extreme sport, which only became known to the general public through the Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series.
Cliff divers Orlando Duque said the following in 2013:
“It's getting more and more interesting for new divers to come into the Series, because it's kind of a prestige thing, it's the top in our sport. Just like in any other sport there is the one event that everybody wants to participate in and want to win. This is what every high diver wants to win. Not because you're on TV or in magazines, no. Everybody in the sport knows your name after you're won this one. "
“The Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series is becoming more and more interesting for new jumpers. Participation in it is a matter of prestige as it is the top in our sport. As in any other sport, there is only one event that everyone wants to take part in and win. This is what every diver wants to win. Not because you appear on TV or in magazines. Everyone in sport knows your name after you've won this one. "
Since 2012, Red Bull has published the Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine for the current season .
Cliff Diving World Series winner
Men
Below is a list of the Cliff Diving World Series men's winners:
| season | 1st place | 2nd place | 3rd place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 |
 Orlando Duque
|
 Gary Hunt
|
 Artyom Silchenko
|
| 2010 |
Gary Hunt
|
Orlando Duque
|
Artyom Silchenko
|
| 2011 |
Gary Hunt
|
Artyom Silchenko
|
 Michal Navrátil
|
| 2012 |
Gary Hunt
|
Orlando Duque
|
 Steven LoBue
|
| 2013 |
Artyom Silchenko
|
Gary Hunt
|
Orlando Duque
|
| 2014 |
Gary Hunt
|
Artyom Silchenko
|
Steven LoBue
|
| 2015 |
Gary Hunt
|
Orlando Duque
|
 Jonathan Paredes
|
| 2016 |
Gary Hunt
|
Jonathan Paredes
|
Andy Jones
|
| 2017 |
Jonathan Paredes
|
Gary Hunt
|
Blake Aldridge
|
Women
Below is a list of the Cliff Diving World Series winners in the women’s category:
| season | 1st place | 2nd place | 3rd place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 |
Rachelle Simpson
|
 Anna Bader
|
Adriana Jiménez
|
| 2015 |
Rachelle Simpson
|
Ginger Huber
|
Cesilie Carlton
|
| 2016 |
 Rhiannan Iffland
|
 Lysanne Richard
|
Cesilie Carlton
|
| 2017 |
Rhiannan Iffland
|
Helena Merten
|
Adriana Jiménez
|
literature
- Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2012 , April 23, 2012
- Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2013 , April 11, 2013
- Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2014 , April 10, 2014
- Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2015 , March 25, 2015
- Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2016 , March 3, 2016
- Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2017 , May 19, 2017
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ International Cliff Diving Event in Sisikon , build-uri.ch, September 5, 2009
- ↑ a b c d Cooper, Jason: Red Bull Cliff Diving Series Returns to Abereiddy , The Pembrokeshire Herald, September 13, 2013
- ↑ a b Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2012 , p. 12
- ↑ Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2015 , p. 9
- ↑ Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2016 , p. 16f
- ↑ a b Red Bull Cliff Diving 2009 - Cliff jumping from Rickmer Rickmers in Hamburg , hamburg-web.de, August 13, 2009
- ↑ a b Results of Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series 2011 , Red Bull
- ↑ a b Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2012 , p. 13
- ↑ Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2013 , p. 13
- ↑ a b Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2017 , p. 10
- ↑ a b c Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2014 , p. 10
- ↑ a b c Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2012 , p. 14
- ↑ a b c d e Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2014 , p. 16
- ↑ Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2014 , p. 17f
- ↑ a b Anderson, Jared: Highlights of the La Rochelle Stop of the 2015 Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series , swimswam.com, May 18, 2015
- ↑ a b Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2012 , p. 15
- ↑ a b Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2014 , p. 11
- ↑ Red Bull Cliff Diving Series 2009: Third Stop in Dubrovnik / Croatia , marketwired.com, July 8, 2009
- ↑ Results of Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series 2009 , Red Bull
- ↑ a b Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2015 , p. 22
- ↑ a b c d e f Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2012 , p. 16
- ↑ a b Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2012 , p. 17
- ↑ a b Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2014 , p. 12
- ↑ Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2014 , p. 13
- ↑ Eisenhofer, Thorsten: Over the Cliff , Spiegel-Online, July 29, 2013
- ↑ Red Bull Cliff Diving Magazine 2013 , p. 10