Reginald Oliver Herzog
Reginald Oliver Herzog (born May 20, 1878 in Vienna , Austria-Hungary , † February 4, 1935 in Zurich ) was an Austrian physico-chemist .
Life
Reginald Oliver Herzog was a son of the journalist Jakob Herzog (1842–1915) and the younger brother of the Romanist Eugen Herzog . In 1897 he began studying chemistry at the Vienna University of Technology, which he completed in 1901 with a doctorate ( on some condensation products of isobutyraldehyde with o-oxybenzaldehyde and o-nitrobenzaldehyde ) with Adolf Lieben . Via the TH Karlsruhe and Berlin , he came to the German TH Prague in 1912 as a full professor of biochemistry. During the First World War he made contact with Fritz Haber in Berlin and worked in a working group that tested material for gas masks .
From January 1, 1920 he took over the management of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Fiber Chemistry of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society in Berlin-Dahlem and became a "Scientific Member" of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society. The institute was supposed to investigate the properties of textile fibers in order to remedy the shortage of textiles that became apparent during the First World War. Herzog concentrated on physical analysis methods. As early as 1920, with the Debye-Scherrer method, he was able to prove for the first time that cellulose has a crystalline structure. With his colleagues Michael Polanyi , Karl Weissenberg and Hermann Mark , he succeeded in determining the structure of many textile fibers , including metal wires, with fiber diffraction . After 1933 they had to emigrate.
On October 1, 1933, Herzog was forced to retire at the age of 55 under the Restoration of the Civil Service Act . In exile in Turkey Herzog began a fresh start, he was in Istanbul again as Professor of Industrial Chemistry appointed. His successful institute, which was largely financed by the textile industry, had to be closed in 1934 due to lack of funds. The situation made Duke so depressed that he during a stay in 1935 Zurich suicide committed.
Literature / sources
- Herzog, Handbook for the Technology of Textile Fibers, 1926
- Obituary: Karl Ferdinand Herzfeld , Science 81, pp. 607–608, 1935
- Obituary: Prof. RO Herzog , author: HF, in: Nature, April 6, 1935, pages 534-535
- Hermann F. Mark : Herzog, Reginald Oliver. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 740 ( digitized version ).
- Bettina Löser, History of the KWI for Fiber Chemistry. In: Bernhard vom Brocke , The Harnack Principle, 1996. pp. 287-302
- Reinhard Rürup : Reginald Oliver Herzog: Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Fiber Chemistry, Berlin Dahlem , in: Fates and Careers. Memorial book for the researchers expelled from the Kaiser Wilhelm Society by the National Socialists. Göttingen 2008 (with the assistance of Michael Schüring), ISBN 978-3-89244-797-9 , pages 225–228
- Herzog, Reginald Oliver , in: Joseph Walk (ed.): Short biographies on the history of the Jews 1918–1945 . Munich: Saur, 1988, ISBN 3-598-10477-4 , p. 150
- Salomon Wininger : Great Jewish National Biography . Volume 7. Chernivtsi, 1936, p. 77
- Herzog, Reginald Oliver , in: Encyclopaedia Judaica , 1972, Volume 8, Col. 425
- Herzog, Reginald Oliver , in: Werner Röder; Herbert A. Strauss (Ed.): International Biographical Dictionary of Central European Emigrés 1933-1945 . Volume 2.1. Munich: Saur, 1983 ISBN 3-598-10089-2 , p. 502f.
Web links
- Literature by and about Reginald Oliver Herzog in the catalog of the German National Library
Individual evidence
- ^ Biographical data, publications and academic family tree of Reginald Oliver Herzog at academictree.org, accessed on February 10, 2018.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Duke, Reginald Oliver |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Duke, Reginald |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian physico-chemist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 20, 1878 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Vienna |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 4, 1935 |
| Place of death | Zurich |