Reitweiner Wallberge

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Wallberg on the Reitweiner Sporn

The Reitweiner Wallberge are a castle complex on the Reitweiner Sporn on the edge of the Oderbruch . The castle wall has been a cultural monument since the 19th century . Germanic and Slavic settlement traces could be proven by excavations .

location

The castle complex is located about one kilometer south of Reitwein on the edge of the Reitweiner Sporn at an altitude of about 45 m. The castle wall built on a plateau designed by human hands ensures a total area of ​​around four hectares and consists of two areas separated by a wall.

On the northeast side are Górzyca (Göritz (Oder)) and Owczary (Ötscher) on today's Polish bank of the Oder . Above Ötscher (today part of the municipality of Górzyca) there is also a castle hill / castle hill and similar castle walls.

Research history

The castle complex used in the Slavic Middle Ages (approx. 8th to 10th century) was located in the settlement area of ​​the Liutizen . There are numerous other similar castle complexes along the Oder, e.g. B. in Lebus , Lossow or Stolpe . The castles were early settlement centers of the Slavic aristocrats and their followers, who replaced the Germanic tribe of the Semnones who had settled before them . The reason for this is assumed to be the great migration of peoples .

Carl Schuchhardt's (1859–1943) investigations on East German ramparts were carried out by the prehistorian Wilhelm Unverzagt (1892–1971) in 1930 on Reitweiner Burgwall. In addition to Reitwein, the director of the State Museum of Prehistory and Early History also carried out large-scale excavations on Lossow Castle Wall from 1926 to 1929 and in Zantoch an der Warthe (1932).

Wallburg

The facility built on a plateau near Reitwein consists of two settlement areas. The protection of the residents is ensured by ramparts, the associated ditches on one side and the steep slopes to the Oder foreland , the Biergrund in the north and the Nachtigallengrund in the south. The system is divided into two almost equally large areas by a wall. The access leads over the hill of the Lebuser plateau to the entrance to the ramparts.

In 1872 and 1930, the ramparts and surrounding areas could be examined through several excavations . As a result, evidence has been produced for various successive culture layers . Pits with a wide variety of uses show a multi-phase settlement. Various artifacts were found in it. In addition to pottery shards and death pots (urns) from the Semnones , a large number of Old Slavic ceramics were found.

literature

  • Paul Schroeder: Reitweinische oddities. History of the village of Reitwein im Oderbruch . Reitwein 1904 (self-published by the author), p. 14ff.
  • Klaus Grebe and Rainer Schulz: Observations on the castle wall of Reitwein, Seelow district . In: excavations and finds . Volume 25, 1980, No. 2, pp. 85-93.
  • Rainer Schulz: The Slavic castle wall near Reitwein, Seelow district . In: Berlin and the surrounding area . Stuttgart 1991 (Guide to Archaeological Monuments in Germany, Volume 23), pp. 225–227.
  • Mechthilde Unverzagt, German Archaeological Institute (Hrsg.): Wilhelm Unverzagt and the plans to found an institute for the prehistory of East Germany . Verlag P. von Zabern, 1985, ISBN 3805308078 , p. 101.
  • Rudolf Virchow , Adolf Bastian (ed.) And R. Hartiiianuc (ed.): Journal for Ethnology , organ of the Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory . Seventh volume, Verlag von Wiegandt, Hempei & Parey, Berlin 1875, page 33

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Slavic castles in Brandenburg-Reitwein ( memento of the original from December 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / slawenburgen.npage.de
  2. ↑ Sebastian Brather: Between "Refuge" and "Manor" Social-historical interpretations of early and high medieval castle walls in East Central Europe (pdf, 3.84 MByte)
  3. ^ Märkische Oderzeitung : Von Bülow brought shine to the diocese from March 1, 2006.
  4. ↑ Mechthilde Unverzagt: Wilhelm Unverzagt and the plans to found an institute for the prehistory of East Germany . P. 101.

Coordinates: 52 ° 29 ′ 27 ″  N , 14 ° 34 ′ 41 ″  E