Rer Bare

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Kalafo (Ethiopia)
Kalafo
Kalafo
Location of Kalafo in Ethiopia

The Rer Bare or Rer Barre (the Somali word reer means “people from”, “descendants of”, “tribe”) are a settled peasant minority group living in the area around Kalafo in the Somali region in eastern Ethiopia on the river Shabelle is a resident.

They belong to a number of ethnic minorities in the Somali- inhabited area in the Horn of Africa , who differ from the Somali majority in their darker skin and frizzy hair and from the Somali as Jarir (“hard-haired” or “curly-haired”) or as Adone or Adona (from addoon , "slave") are called.

Origin and language

You speak Somali today . It is unclear whether they used to have their own language; In the Ethnologue "Rer Bare" is listed as an unclassified extinct language with ISO 639-3 code rer . The origin of the Rer Bare is also not clear. They could be descended from Somali slaves, but also from an indigenous population who lived in that area before the Somali.

For similar black , arable minority groups in Somalia , the name " Somali Bantu " has been used since the early 1990s , based on those groups in the Jubba Valley who clearly descended from Bantu who were slaves from other parts of East Africa in the 19th century the Somali territory. The name was also expanded to include groups that may (partially) descend from a pre-Somali population who may have originally spoken Bantu . The Rer Bare were also referred to as "Ethiopian Bantu". Tobias Hagmann mentions them as "Somali Bantu". Ulrich Braukämper writes of the Adone am Shabelle that they "are obviously the descendants of Bantu slaves who have settled and spread there since the 19th century".

The first scientific mention of a possible language Rer Bare or "Rerebere" is found in 1975 by Lionel Bender . At that time he suspected a connection to language groups in Sudan , in particular to the Nilo-Saharan language family :

“DW Mcclure, Sr. reported to me for the first time about the presence of Sudanese immigrants on the Wabi Shebelle River near Gode in the eastern Ogaden . It is said of them that they have their own language that bears this foreign name [rerebere]. Taye Reya later informed me that Sudanese immigrants can also be found along the Ganale and Dawa rivers and that they are called rer bare by the Somali (rer means sub-tribe in Somali). Also known as adona, they speak Somali as well as their own language. (…) I cannot say for sure whether you speak one or more languages ​​and what kind of language they are. (...) So far I have not received any linguistic data. "

Adone groups also live further upriver in Ethiopia on the Shabelle in the border area between the Somali and Oromo , where they are called by the Oromo Warra Dubba , (also written as Dube or Wara Dubie ) and on the Weyb in the Afder zone . Another group are the Garri Maro (or Gherrimero ) on the Ganale and other rivers in the Liben zone in the south of the Somali region.

Society and politics

The Rer Bare are part of the Somali clan of the Hawiye and live together with settled Hawiye and other Somali in villages in the woreda Kalafo in the Gode ​​zone . Their livelihood is agriculture, the most important crops are sorghum and maize. In addition, cowpeas and sesame seeds as well as vegetables are grown in these villages, which serve both to diversify the menu and to sell them for money. Many farmers also keep one to three cows to provide milk.

The allied Hawiye and Rer Bare are divided into subgroups that are mythologically traced back to two forefathers, Badbedan and Kunle :

  • Badbedan
    • Ali Mad
    • Dagine
    • Rer Gedow
  • Kunle
    • Bajimal
    • Rer Ise
    • Gasar.

Ali Mad and Dagine consist almost exclusively of Rer Bare, while the remaining groups are mixed. Many Hawiye - especially Ajuran - belong to the Rer Gedow , Rer Ise and Gasar , while among the Bajimal there are also some Dir .

The Rer Bare are considered to be subordinate to the dominant Hawiye. The two groups characterize their relationship as bah iyo boqor , which means “subjects and kings”. Although they live together and postulate common ancestors, there are hardly any intermarriages.

In 1992, alongside several other parties from individual clans, a political party of the Rer Bare was formed in the Somali region. This party joined forces with other parties in 1994 to form the Ethiopian Somali Democratic League , which in turn became part of the Somali People's Democratic Party in 1998 . In 2004 a new rer-bare party called Dilwabi was formed to run in the 2005 elections. This party will also take part in the 2010 elections.

swell

  1. ↑ a b c d Gebru Tareke: Ethiopia: Power and Protest. Peasant Revolts in the Twentieth Century , Red Sea Press 1996, ISBN 978-1-56902-019-7 , p. 141
  2. ^ Ethnologue.com: Rer Bare
  3. ↑ cf. Bodoy.org ( Memento of January 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ a b c Tobias Hagmann: Challenges of decentralization in Ethiopia's Somali Region ( Memento of the original from January 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Briefing for Review of African Political Economy Vol. 32, No. 103, 2005 (PDF; 748 kB), p. 5 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / tobiashagmann.freeflux.net
  5. ↑ a b Ulrich Braukämper: Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays , Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie 9, 2003, ISBN 978-3-8258-5671-7 (pp. 15, 137)
  6. ↑ Lionel Bender: The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans , 1975, p. 74: “DW Mcclure, Sr. first reported to me the presence of Sudanese immigrants on the Wabi Shebelle River at Gode in the eastern Ogaden. They are said to have their own language, bearing the given name [Rerebere]. Later Taye Reya informed me that Sudanese immigrants are found along the Ganale and Dawa Rivers as well, and that they are referred to by the Somali as rer bare (rer means sub-tribe in Somali.) They are also known as adona, and they speak Somali as well as their own language ... I cannot say with certainty whether they speak one or more languages ​​of what any of them is ... So far no linguistic data has come my way. "
  7. ↑ Internal Displacement Monitorin Center: Somali region: Root causes of, and background to displacement (August 2003) ( Memento of the original from February 18, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.internal-displacement.org
  8. ^ UNDP Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia: Socio-economic conditions of the population in Liben zone, Ethiopian Somali National Regional State , 1996
  9. ↑ a b c d UNDP / Ahmed Yusuf Farah: Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State (1995) ( Memento from January 21, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 408 kB)
  10. ↑ John Markakis: The Somali in the New Political Order of Ethiopia , in: Review of African Political Economy , Vol. 21, No. 59 (March 1994), pp. 75f.
  11. ↑ Katharine Murison (ed.): Africa South of the Sahara 2004 , Europa Regional Surveys of the World , 33rd edition, Routledge 2004, ISBN 978-1-85743-183-4 (p. 426)
  12. ^ National Electoral Authority of Ethiopia : Political Parties that are Actively Participating in the Upcoming Election . Retrieved April 1, 2010.

See also