Liben zone

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The Liben Zone ( Somali : Liibaan , Ge'ez : ሊበን Libän ) is an administrative zone of the Somali region in Ethiopia . It is located in the south of the Somali region and is separated from the rest of the region by the River Ganale . In the south it borders on Kenya , in the west within Ethiopia on the Oromia region .

According to the 2007 census, the zone had 539,821 residents, of whom 46,892 lived in urban areas. In 1997, 99.04% of the 476,881 inhabitants were Somali , 97.78% spoke Somali as their mother tongue. 7.72% (12,085) could read and write.

Liben, Liban or Libin is the name of an area in southern Ethiopia that extends beyond the Liben zone to the area of ​​the Borana - Oromo in Oromia and is considered by these together with Dirre as the core area and country of origin. Until the reorganization of the administrative structure of Ethiopia in 1991, this area belonged to the province of Sidamo . Its division between the ethnically defined regions of Oromia and Somali remains controversial. There were also differences between the various Somali groups about the choice of the main location. The establishment of a functioning administration of the zone was therefore delayed.

According to the documents of the Central Statistics Agency of Ethiopia from 2007, the zone is divided into the four woredas Filtu , Dolo Odo , Moyale and Udet (Hudet). In the documents from 1998 and 2005, however, only the three woredas Liben / Filtu, Dolo Odo and Moyale are mentioned. The division within the Somali region has been changed several times, often in the context of local power struggles. In addition, the boundaries between the Somali and Oromia regions are shown on several maps in such a way that only Dolo Odo forms the Liben zone of Somali, while the other areas belong to Oromia.

Larger places in Liben are Doolow (Dolo Odo), Softu and Filtu . The Ethiopian part of the city of Moyale belongs administratively to the woreda Moyale in the Borena zone of Oromia.

The most important ethnic groups in the zone are the Somali clans of Degodia and Marehan- Darod , the Garri ( Garre ) and Gurra and, as smaller groups, Garri Maro, Gabbra , Karanle and Ajuran . The Garre dominate the woreda Moyale south of the Dawa River , their area is relatively fertile and wooded grassland. The land between the Dawa and the Ganale is barren, here the Degodia dominate in Dolo Odo and Degodia, Gurre and Marehan live in Filtu. Degodia and Garre live mainly as nomads and keep camels, sheep, goats and cattle, the also nomadic Gabbra mainly keep camels. The Garri Maro in particular are sedentary farmers on the Dawa and Ganale rivers, who cultivate maize and keep cattle, as well as fishing and hunting. Outwardly they differ from the other groups and are associated with the Degodia. They correspond to the Rer Bare on the Shabelle . In the wider area around the rivers and in some smaller areas, agropastoralists combine the cultivation of maize with the keeping of cattle and small livestock. Agriculture has expanded in recent times.

Returnees and refugees from Somalia who fled the civil war there have been added to the local population since the early 1990s .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Central Statistical Agency : Population and Housing Census Report - Somali Region - 2007 ( Memento of the original dated November 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.9 MB), p. 8 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.csa.gov.et
  2. ↑ a b CSA: 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Somali Region, Vol. 1 ( Memento of the original from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 49.4 MB) 1998 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.csa.gov.et
  3. ^ Paul TW Baxter, Jan Hultin, Alessandro Triulzi (eds.): Being and Becoming Oromo. Historical and Anthropological Inquiries. Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Uppsala 1996, ISBN 978-91-7106-379-3 (pp. 20, 120, 148f., 198)
  4. ^ Günther Schlee: Changing Alliances among the Boran, Gabra and Garre in Northern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia , in: Günther Schlee, Elizabeth E. Watson (Ed.): Changing Identifications and Alliances in North-East Africa: Ethiopia and Kenya , ISBN ( 203f.)
  5. ↑ a b c d UNDP Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia: Socio-economic conditions of the population in Liben zone, Ethiopian Somali National Regional State , 1996
  6. ↑ a b Central Statistical Agency : 2005 National Statistics, Section – B Population ( Memento of the original dated February 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.7 MB) Tables B.3, B.4 (PDF) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.csa.gov.et
  7. ↑ Tobias Hagmann: Beyond Clannishness and Colonialism: Understanding political disorder in Ethiopia's Somali Region, 1991–2004 ( Memento of the original from November 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 154 kB) In: Journal of Modern African Studies 43 (4), 2005, p. 12 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / tobiashagmann.freeflux.net
  8. ↑ UN OCHA Ethiopia: Somali Region ( Memento of February 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) 2005, file: Ethiopia-Somali.png , file: Ethiopia location map.svg ; for the Liben zone with four woredas cf. Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Agency: Administrative Region and Woreda Map of Somali ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 150 kB) 2006 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dppc.gov.et
  9. ↑ Somali Regional State Summary ( Memento of the original from February 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 282 kB) 2004 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dppc.gov.et
  10. ↑ Save the Children / Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Agency: Liban (Afder) Agropastoral Livelihood Zone  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 854 kB), 2002@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.dppc.gov.et  
  11. ↑ Save the Children / DPPA: Moyale-Wayamo Pastoral Livelihood Zone  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 915 kB), 2001@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.dppc.gov.et