Retjenu

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Retjenu in hieroglyphics
New kingdom
D21
V13
N35
W24
N25

Retjenu
Rṯn.w
MiddleEast.A2003031.0820.250m.jpg
Palestine and Syria region

Retjenu was the ancient Egyptian name of the region of today 's Israel / Palestine and Syria , which stretched from Sile to Naharina .

history

After the death of Hatshepsut , Thutmose III. his first campaign again to Retjenu, after Thutmose I had already successfully suppressed the threat from Naharina. The Battle of Megiddo followed shortly thereafter . The background was the supply of the valuable cedar wood , as Egypt was dependent on the wood to expand its fleet. Several campaigns followed in this area, and the important city of Kadesh was conquered by the Pharaoh's troops.

The threat from the Hittites fell during the tenure of Ramses II . In the summer of the fourth year of his reign, 1276 BC. BC, Ramses moved with his army against Retjenu and conquered the principality of Amurru , which was under the rule of Benteschina . With this blow, Ramses formally called on the Hittites to face a decisive battle for supremacy in the Syrian region. He moved in 1274 BC. BC with an army of about 20,000 men across today's Gaza Strip to Syria . About sixteen kilometers from the city of Kadesch he met the Hittite king Muwatalli II , whereupon the battle of Kadesch was opened immediately afterwards .

In the eighth year of reign, Ramses III saw himself . exposed to attacks by the Sea Peoples . A sea battle is described in detail, in which the sea peoples in the Nile Delta were lured into the trap and beaten. Nevertheless, after this third battle, Egypt lost its political influence on Retjenu, which became militarily too strong due to immigration and territorial assignments.

See also

literature

  • Wolfgang Helck : The relations of Egypt to the Middle East in the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC BC (= Egyptological treatises. Vol. 5). 2nd, improved edition. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1971, ISBN 3-447-01298-6 (On the campaigns of Thutmose III .: p. 107 ff.).
  • Wolfgang Helck: The date of the battle of Megiddo. In: Communications from the German Archaeological Institute, Cairo Department. (MDAIK). Vol. 28, 1972, ISSN  0342-1279 , pp. 101-102.
  • Hermann A. Schlögl : Ramses II. With personal testimonies and picture documents (= rororo 50425 Rowohlt's monographs ). 3rd edition, Rowohlt, Reinbek 2000, ISBN 3-499-50425-1 .
  • Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs. The ancient Egyptian kings from the early days to Roman rule. 2nd edition, Artemis & Winkler, Düsseldorf et al. 1997, ISBN 3-7608-1102-7 .